Knowledge of genetic resources is essential for breeders to create new crop varieties with improved characteristics. In this respect, mutant populations may conveniently provide a powerful tool for identifying new functional genes. Therefore, we used the Micro-Tom tomato variety, which has a reduced size and a relatively short life-cycle compared to other commercial tomato cultivars, to construct a mutant population using gamma-ray radiation as a mutagen. To determine the optimal mutagenic intensity of gamma rays for tomato, dry seeds of Micro-Tom were irradiated with gamma-ray intensities from 0 to 1000 gray (Gy) with increments of 100 Gy. The germination rate of mutagenized seeds (M1 seeds) on MS media was not affected by the tested gamma-ray intensity range. However, seedling growth was severely reduced with increasing irradiation. Seedling growth rate at eight days after germination showed that the median gamma-ray doses for hypocotyl and root elongation were 600 and 300-400 Gy, respectively. The survival test for 300, 400, and 500 Gy-treated M1 seeds showed that survival rates significantly decreased with increasing irradiation. The survival rate of 400 Gy-radiated seeds was 48%, while that of 500 Gy-radiated seeds was only 25%, compared with the control treatment. Therefore, we concluded that gamma-ray irradiation at 300-400 Gy is best for tomato mutagenesis. To find new mutants, M2 seeds produced by M1 plants were grown. We found several mutants, including plants with varying cotyledon number, variegated or red leaves, and green hypocotyls.
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Short duration oilseed
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Molecular mapping and application of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with a higher level of grain Zinc is a viable option to enhance zinc content in rice through breeding. An F2 population derived from a cross between a high yielding variety, BRRI dhan28, and a locally adapted Zn enriched cultivar,
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To understand genetic diversity in nutritional properties, 157 accessions of Korean-bred rice varieties were cultivated in 3 separate fields and harvested brown rice were used for determination of tocopherols (T), tocotrienols (T3), squalene (SQ), campesterol (CA), sitosterol (SI), and stigmasterol (ST) contents as well as fatty acid compositions. The average contents of α-T, γ-T, α-T3, γ-T3, SQ, CA, SI, and ST were 11.9, 1.6, 10.0, 13.9, 35.2, 42.1, 163.5, and 20.0 μg/g, respectively, and total tocols, SQ, and total phytosterols contents ranged 26.8-54.9, 7.9-78.4, and 162.9-320.2 μg/g, respectively. Ecotype of rice significantly affected phytonutrient contents in that japonica-type showed significantly higher α-T and α-T3 contents and α-T/γ-T, α-T3/γ-T3, and T/T3 ratios compared to indica-type varieties. Total T, SQ and ST contents were also higher in japonica-types, while total T3, CA and SI contents were not affected by ecotypes. Linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were the 3 major fatty acids consisting 36.5, 35.8, and 22.9% of total fatty acids, respectively. Positive correlationships were observed among 3 phytosterols, while oleic acid showed negative correlation with palmitic (
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Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the starch-related traits amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) content have received much attention due to the potential benefits of grains high in these starch levels. In this study, QTLs associated with AC and RS content were identified using 92 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between two closely related
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One of approaches to maintain the yield stability of the lowland tropical wheat is the use of secondary traits in the selection process. The identification of these characters requires a statistical approach in the form of genetic parameter analysis and multivariate analysis. The
objective
of this study was to determine the secondary traits of adaptive wheat mutants in the lowlands through the use of genetic parameters and multivariate analysis on the parameters. The study consisted of three field trials conducted in three different regencies, namely Jeneponto (135 m above sea level (asl)), Maros (100 m asl) and Bantaeng (125 m asl). The study used a nested design, where replications were nested in the environments. The genotype factors consisted of 20 genotypes repeated three times. 11 characters were observed including vegetative and reproductive characters. The analysis used consisted of repeatability, correlation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, and cross print analysis. The overall results of the analysis indicate that the number of productive tillers is the main secondary trait for the selection of adaptive wheat in the lowlands. The character can be recommended for selection criteria in testing wheat lines in the lowlands to make an effective selection.
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Genetic analysis of genes that regulate the color pigmentation of sterile lemma and apiculus has been conducted. “Josaengjado” has small and round grains with purple leaf, sterile lemma and apiculus. In the F2 population from a cross between Josaengjado and Daeribbyeo 1, 246 and 182 plants exhibited purple and straw-white sterile lemma, respectively. It fitted a 9:7 segregation ratio indicating that two complementary genes control the pigmentation in sterile lemma and apiculus. Genetic analysis was performed using the F2:3 and KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) markers. Genes for the coloration of leaf sheath, ligule, sterile lemma, and apiculus were detected on chromosomes 1 and 6. Sequence comparison showed a single nucleotide substitution C (Josaengjado) to A (Daeribbyeo 1) in the second exon of the
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Genome sequencing has been going on major medicinal plants, including
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Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the important traits that not only cause serious economic issues but also lead to reduction in grain quality and yield in rice (
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Glutinous rice is a key grain quality trait occupying an important part during rice processing in most rice growing areas. In this study, a gene pyramiding approach was used to introduce two dull genes, responsible for low amylose content, for glutinous rice breeding using marker assisted selection (MAS). The genotyping results revealed that rice cultivar Milyang319 carries both dull genes on chromosome 6, derived from cv. Milky-queen (
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Cowpea is an annual legume crop; although it is an essential food in developing countries, cowpea is now grown worldwide. For the genetic improvement of plants, flowering time is one of the major selection criteria. In general, flowering is regulated by photoperiod and temperature, along with the interaction between environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the candidate genes associated with flowering time using genome-wide association study (GWAS). To investigate the flowering time-related genes, 384 cowpea germplasms were genotyped with 51,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The main genetic component of days to flowering (DTF) was analyzed using genome association and prediction integrated tool (GAPIT) and elastic-net analyses. From the GAPIT and elastic-net analyses, a total of 23 SNPs were significantly associated with DTF among five (chr. 2, 3, 7, 9, and 11) and seven (chr. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9) different chromosomes, respectively. Based on our analysis,
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Rice (
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Salinity stress is one of the important abiotic stresses in crops. In this study, ten different concentrations of NaCl solutions were tested to determine the optimal level of NaCl concentration for salinity tolerance test at the germination stage in peanut, and 0.6% NaC1 was suitable for the test. A total of 249 peanut accessions were tested with 0.6% NaC1 and radical root lengths of the accessions were measured. The results showed that there were significant genetic variations on the tolerance to salinity stress among the tested accessions. Through a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Axiom_Arachis array with 58K SNPs, three putative SNPs with significant relation to radicle root length were identified on chromosomes Aradu.A03, Araip.B01, and Araip.B05.
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Milk thistle (
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