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"Composition"

Research Articles

Identification, Biochemical and Elemental Profiling of Two Green Microalgae Isolated from Moroccan Impoundment (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus): Insights Into Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stress Responses and
Reda Fassi Fihri, Sofie Van Nerom, Latifa Mbarkiou, Mohammad Sibtain Kadri, Boubker Oujaa, Saad Rachiq, Rachid Lahlali, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, El-Ouazna Bouchamma
Plant Breed. Biotech. 2026;14:101-125.
Published online May 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2026.14.101

Microalgae offer a sustainable platform for biotechnology due to their rapid growth and ability to accumulate high-value metabolites such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This study investigates the biochemical and morphological responses of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus across different growth phases and under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic status of both species. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed species-specific surface structures and elemental composition. S. incrassatulus exhibited a compact, granular morphology, while C. vulgaris showed a smoother, colonial structure. EDS analysis demonstrated higher potassium and phosphorus levels in C. vulgaris, whereas S. incrassatulus presented elevated calcium and magnesium contents. Biochemical profiling indicated a metabolic shift during the stationary phase, with reduced protein synthesis and increased lipid and carbohydrate accumulation. Under nitrogen deficiency, C. vulgaris achieved the highest lipid content (53.68%), while S. incrassatulus reached 45.86%. Carbohydrate accumulation was also prominent during the stationary phase, with values of 49.18% for C. vulgaris and 47.99% for S. incrassatulus. Protein content was highest in the exponential phase and declined under nutrient stress. Elemental analysis via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) confirmed species-specific macronutrient and trace element profiles, supporting EDS data. These findings highlight the adaptive biochemical and structural traits of the two microalgae species, reinforcing their potential in biofuel production, sustainable agriculture, bioremediation, and environmental applications. Future work should focus on optimizing cultivation conditions and exploring genetic approaches to maximize metabolite yields for industrial-scale applications.

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Compositional Analysis of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Cultivars Related to Colors and Their Antioxidative Activity
So-Young Lee, Yun-Soo Yeo, Soo-Yun Park, Seong-Gon Lee, Si-Myung Lee, Hyun-Suk Cho, Nam-Jin Chung, Seon-Woo Oh
Plant Breed. Biotech. 2017;5(3):192-203.   Published online September 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2017.5.3.192

Metabolite profile is a powerful analytical technique to identify the functional characterization of plants. In this study, the phytochemicals and secondary metabolites of lentils (Lens culinaris) were analyzed to compare the anti-oxidative activities according to the different colors. The polar metabolites, fatty acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic acids, DPPH activity were analyzed. Three kind of lentils, French green whole lentil (FG), red whole lentil (LR), and green whole lentil (LG) (ASIA SEED Co., LTD), were used for this study. Fatty acids, phytochemicals, and antioxidative components from each lentil varieties were analyzed by official methods. The contents of lutein in carotenoids were 6–9 times higher than zeaxanthin in all lentils, but were not significantly different among three varieties. The content of carotenoids in FG was lower significantly than those in the LR and LG. Myricetin and luteolin were detected in the only FG. Kaempferol and delphinidin were significantly highest in the FG. Most of the phenolic acids except coumarate were higher in FG and LG than in LR. Also antioxidant effects (EC50) were higher in FG and LG than in LR. The analyzed metabolites obtained from lentils showed distinct separation in the PCA results according to the varieties. Also, lentils showed different anti-oxidant profiles according to the colors. FG and LG showing higher contents of phytochemicals showed higher antioxidative activity than LG containing relative low contents of phytochemicals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • One-pot green solution combustion synthesis of ZnV2O6 photo catalyst for dye degradation, Cr (VI) detoxification, phyto toxicity analysis and latent finger printing applications
    R Nalina, Udayabhanu, R. Harini, K.P. Latha, K.B. Naveen, Mohd Shkir, H.N. Shwetha, K.N. Nandeesh, G. Nagaraju
    Inorganic Chemistry Communications.2026; 189: 116650.     CrossRef
  • Microbiological and physicochemical properties of bean, lentil, and chickpea kefirs as plant-based dairy alternatives
    Seyma Gunturk, Firuze Ergin Zeren, Ahmet Kucukcetin, Emine Mine Comak Gocer
    European Food Research and Technology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating polyphenol profile and antioxidant activity in relation to seed morphology in a collection of red lentils
    Gaetano Giudice, Lorenzo Palombi, Stefano Pavan, Marzia Guerriero, Andrea Visioni, Barbara Laddomada
    Food Bioscience.2026; 78: 108452.     CrossRef
  • COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LEGUME MILKS FOR PLANT-BASED ICE CREAM: NUTRITIONAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS
    Elif Meltem İşçimen, Duygu Aslan Türker
    Gıda.2026; 51(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Innovations in industrial and functional food applications of lentil in the era of biofortification
    Asish Kumar Padhy, Shiksha Chaurasia, Abinaya Manivannan, Kuldeep Tripathi, Sapna Sapna, Sabhyata Bhatia
    Discover Food.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of soaking conditions on glyphosate absorption in selected pulses: understanding solvent behaviour and morphological changes
    Sindhu Sindhu, Annamalai Manickavasagan, Amanat Ali
    International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry.2024; 104(19): 7855.     CrossRef
  • Lactic and propionic acid bacteria starter cultures for improved nutritional properties of pea, faba bean and lentil
    Minna Kahala, Lucia Blasco, Rina Bragge, Davide Porcellato, Hilde Marit Østlie, Thomas Rundberget, Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Jarkko Hellström, Emilie Gullberg Jørgensen, Vesa Joutsjoki, Tove Gulbrandsen Devold, Anne Pihlanto
    LWT.2024; 208: 116691.     CrossRef
  • Phenolic profile of whole seeds and seed fractions of lentils and its impact on antioxidant activity
    Antonio Manco, Carmela Gerardi, Giuseppe Romano, Leone D'Amico, Antonio Blanco, Francesco Milano, Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano, Rind Balech, Barbara Laddomada
    Food Bioscience.2023; 54: 102887.     CrossRef
  • Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Activities of Germinated Seeds in Lentil Cultivars during Thermal Processing
    Ji Hye Kim, Shucheng Duan, You Rang Park, Seok Hyun Eom
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(3): 670.     CrossRef
  • Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Flour Varieties as Promising New Ingredients for Gluten-Free Cookies
    Lívia Hajas, László Sipos, Éva Csajbókné Csobod, Márta Veresné Bálint, Réka Juhász, Csilla Benedek
    Foods.2022; 11(14): 2028.     CrossRef
  • Lentil-Based Yogurt Alternatives Fermented with Multifunctional Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria—Techno-Functional, Microbiological, and Sensory Characteristics
    Theresa Boeck, Lilit Ispiryan, Andrea Hoehnel, Aylin W. Sahin, Aidan Coffey, Emanuele Zannini, Elke K. Arendt
    Foods.2022; 11(14): 2013.     CrossRef
  • Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms
    Milad Iranshahy, Behjat Javadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
    Phytotherapy Research.2022; 36(5): 1952.     CrossRef
  • Genotypic and Environmental Effect on the Concentration of Phytochemical Contents of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
    Maria Irakli, Anastasia Kargiotidou, Evangelia Tigka, Dimitrios Beslemes, Maria Fournomiti, Chrysanthi Pankou, Kostoula Stavroula, Nektaria Tsivelika, Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios
    Agronomy.2021; 11(6): 1154.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional and Rheological Features of Lentil Protein Isolate for Yoghurt-Like Application
    Theresa Boeck, Emanuele Zannini, Aylin W. Sahin, Juergen Bez, Elke K. Arendt
    Foods.2021; 10(8): 1692.     CrossRef
  • Influence of partial pork meat replacement by pulse flour on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low‐fat burgers
    Natalia Soledad Argel, Natalia Ranalli, Alicia Noemí Califano, Silvina Cecilia Andrés
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2020; 100(10): 3932.     CrossRef
  • LINKAGE MAPPING OF CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE-4 FAMILY IN LENTIL GENOME
    Duygu Ates
    Turkish Journal Of Field Crops.2018; : 167.     CrossRef
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Review Article

Modification of Fatty Acid Profiles of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Oil for Using as Food, Industrial Feed-Stock and Biodiesel
Ujjal Kumar Nath, Hoy-Taek Kim, Khadiza Khatun, Jong-In Park, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Ill-Sup Nou
Plant Breed. Biotech. 2016;4(2):123-134.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2016.4.2.123

Rapeseed is a member of family Brassicaceae, cultivated as oil crop. Rapeseed oil is being utilized from early civilization, but its popularity being declined from the mid-nineteenth century due to presence of erucic acid (C22:1) and glucosinolates. Thereby, several attempts have been made to develop cultivars free from those toxins. In the past 20 years, breeders got success in developing ‘00’-quality rapeseed, known as ‘Canola’. The target mutagenesis of fae-1 and fae-2 of Brassica napus ensured such success. Thereafter, ‘canola’ regains its market as a healthy vegetable oil. Moreover, high oleic acid rapeseed lines, with 86% oleic acid, have been developed by using chemical mutagenesis of FAD2 alleles responsible for desaturation of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Recently, high erucic acid rapeseed oil regained interest for biodegradable plastic, cosmetic, emollient industries and for biodiesel. Therefore, breeding approaches have been pursued; unfortunately, that were failed to reach erucic acid level beyond 50% in seed-oil. Rapeseed genotypes over-expressed with Ld-LPAAT separately and Ld-LPAAT-FAE chimaric construct together were tried but failed to reach the erucic acid content more than 60%. Thereof, combined effort of conventional breeding and transgenic approaches are brought together to overcome three hypothesized bottlenecks; reviewed in this article, which restricted erucic acid level near to 60%. Finally, rapeseed genotypes with 78% erucic acid were developed successfully. This material is now available in Germany for using in emollient industries and for biodiesel. Therefore, this article is reviewed on the current status and future outlook for modification of fatty acid profiles of rapeseed oil for its end-use as food, industrial feed-stock and biodiesel.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Optimization of biodiesel synthesis using ultrasound and mechanical stirring methods: a comparative study
    Sk Mosaraf Ahammed, Amit Kumar Roy, Xue-Zhi Li, Fahad Al Basir, Priti Kumar Roy
    Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of performance and estimation of variability in rapeseed (Brassica nappus L.) genotypes
    Mohammed Abu, Birhanu Mengistu, Tilahun Mola, Misteru Tesfaye, Yared Semahegn, Fekadu Amsalu
    Discover Agriculture.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and characterization of new high yielding mustard cultivar suitable for crop rotation due to earliness
    Khalid Mahmood, Abdul Majid Khan, Wajiha Anum, Abid Ali, Rana Tauqeer Ahmad, Rana Imtiaz Ahmed, Imran Akhtar, Nadia Manzoor, Asad- ur- Rehman Ch., Naeem Arshad Maan, Noorah AlKubaisi, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Rashid Iqbal, Umair Riaz, Gang Deng, Saltanat Aghay
    Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.2025; 72(7): 8699.     CrossRef
  • Screening of Pod Shatter Resistance and Analysis of Correlations with Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
    Jaehee Jeong, Da-Hee An, Hyun-Min Cho, Young-Lok Cha, Ji-Bong Choi, Dong-Sung Kim, Soo-Yeon Kim
    Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2025; 57(2): 55.     CrossRef
  • New breeding material of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with increased yield and high oleic acid content in seed oil
    A. A. Golova, L. A. Gorlova, S. G. Efimenko
    Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding.2025; 186(2): 121.     CrossRef
  • Genotyping-by-Sequencing Analysis Reveals Associations between Agronomic and Oil Traits in Gamma Ray-Derived Mutant Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
    Woon Ji Kim, Baul Yang, Dong-Gun Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, Ye-Jin Lee, Juyoung Kim, So Hyeon Baek, Si-Yong Kang, Joon-Woo Ahn, Yu-Jin Choi, Chang-Hyu Bae, Kanivalan Iwar, Seong-Hoon Kim, Jaihyunk Ryu
    Plants.2024; 13(11): 1576.     CrossRef
  • Foliar spray can improve rapeseed yield components under continuous irrigation
    Nooshin Kheshtpaz, Mohsen Janmohammadi, Naser Sabaghnia
    Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combining ability and heterosis of spring oilseed rape genotypes under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
    Parvaneh Gholizadeh Sarcheshmeh, Jalal Saba, Hasan Amiri Oghan, Farid Shekari, Amir Gholizadeh
    Journal of Crop Breeding.2024; 16(49): 74.     CrossRef
  • HO-CR and HOLL-CR: new forms of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with altered fatty acid composition and resistance to selected pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot)
    Stanisław Spasibionek, Katarzyna Mikołajczyk, Marcin Matuszczak, Joanna Kaczmarek, Noor Ramzi, Małgorzata Jędryczka
    Journal of Applied Genetics.2024; 65(3): 439.     CrossRef
  • Contrasting Nitrogen Fertilization andBrassica napus(Canola) Variety Development Impact Recruitment of the Root-Associated Microbiome
    Yunliang Li, Sally L. Vail, Melissa M. Arcand, Bobbi L. Helgason
    Phytobiomes Journal.2023; 7(1): 125.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical changes of kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] kernels at eight levels of fruit storage duration
    S Virgian, A Aunillah, D Listyati, M Herman, D Pranowo, E Wardiana
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2022; 974(1): 012124.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of oil quality traits in some important exotic and indigenous collections of Brassica species
    Nisha Kumari, Ram Avtar, Vivek K. Singh, Neeraj Kumar, Mahavir Bishnoi, Manjeet Singh, Rajeev Varshney
    Crop & Pasture Science.2022; 73(12): 1385.     CrossRef
  • Fatty acid composition of oil crops: genetics and genetic engineering
    E. A. Porokhovinova, T. V. Matveeva, G. V. Khafizova, V. D. Bemova, A. G. Doubovskaya, N. V. Kishlyan, L. P. Podolnaya, V. A. Gavrilova
    Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.2022; 69(6): 2029.     CrossRef
  • Study on the inheritance of oleic acid content in reciprocal F1 hybrids of winter rapeseed at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
    A A Golova, L A Gorlova
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2022; 979(1): 012005.     CrossRef
  • Emerging technologies for biodiesel production: Processes, challenges, and opportunities
    Arman Amani Babadi, Shahrooz Rahmati, Rafieh Fakhlaei, Bahram Barati, Shuang Wang, William Doherty, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
    Biomass and Bioenergy.2022; 163: 106521.     CrossRef
  • What about greener phase change materials? A review on biobased phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications
    Otu Okogeri, Vassilis N. Stathopoulos
    International Journal of Thermofluids.2021; 10: 100081.     CrossRef
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Discovery and Association Study of Flowering Times, Crude Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Mutant Lines Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)
    Jaihyunk Ryu, Jae Il Lyu, Dong-Gun Kim, Kwang Min Koo, Baul Yang, Yeong Deuk Jo, Sang Hoon Kim, Soon-Jae Kwon, Bo-Keun Ha, Si-Yong Kang, Jin-Baek Kim, Joon-Woo Ahn
    Agronomy.2021; 11(3): 508.     CrossRef
  • СТВОРЕННЯ ТРАНСГЕННИХ РОСЛИН ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ОЛІЙ З ВАЖЛИВИМИ ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ
    Д. С. Тимчук, Г. С. Потапенко
    Біорізноманіття, екологія та експериментальна біологія.2021; 23(1): 82.     CrossRef
  • The diversity of fatty acid composition in traditional and rare oil crops cultivated in Russia
    Vera Gavrilova, Tatyana Shelenga, Elizaveta Porokhovinova, Aleksandra Dubovskaya, Nina Kon’kova, Sergey Grigoryev, Larisa Podolnaya, Aleksey Konarev, Tamara Yakusheva, Natalya Kishlyan, Andrey Pavlov, Nina Brutch
    Biological Communications.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview
    Antonella Di Sotto, Annabella Vitalone, Silvia Di Giacomo
    Vaccines.2020; 8(3): 468.     CrossRef
  • A GC-MS Characteristic Analysis of Hybrirock and Pactol Seeds Harvested in Erbil/Iraq
    Ahmed A. AbdulJabbar, Bahar J. Mahmood, Sirwan T. Salih
    Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science.2020; 31(3): 65.     CrossRef
  • Marker assisted selection of new high oleic and low linolenic winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) inbred lines revealing good agricultural value
    Stanisław Spasibionek, Katarzyna Mikołajczyk, Hanna Ćwiek–Kupczyńska, Teresa Piętka, Krystyna Krótka, Marcin Matuszczak, Joanna Nowakowska, Krzysztof Michalski, Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda, Maoteng Li
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(6): e0233959.     CrossRef
  • The Senescence (Stay-Green)—An Important Trait to Exploit Crop Residuals for Bioenergy
    Eduardo D. Munaiz, Susana Martínez, Arun Kumar, Marlon Caicedo, Bernardo Ordás
    Energies.2020; 13(4): 790.     CrossRef
  • The Use of Genetic and Gene Technologies in Shaping Modern Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
    Linh Bao Ton, Ting Xiang Neik, Jacqueline Batley
    Genes.2020; 11(10): 1161.     CrossRef
  • Selected Physicochemical Properties of Diethyl Ether/Rapeseed Oil Blends and Their Impact on Diesel Engine Smoke Opacity
    Krzysztof Górski, Ruslans Smigins
    Energy & Fuels.2018; 32(2): 1796.     CrossRef
  • Biodiesel synthesis from Brassica napus seed oil using statistical optimization approach
    Faiza Anwar, Umer Rashid, Sobia Ashraf, Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Asif Hanif
    Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Effect of Genotype, Growing Year and Planting Date on Agronomic Traits and Chemical Composition in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Germplasm
Xiang-Min Piao, Seong Yel Choi, Young Seok Jang, Yoon-Sup So, Jong-Wook Chung, Sok-Young Lee, Jae-Hyun Jong, Hong Sig Kim
Plant Breed. Biotech. 2014;2(1):35-47.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2014.2.1.035

Sunflower is one of the most widely cultivated oil crops. It produces seeds which have abundant health benefits. The
objective
of this research was to determine the effects of two growing years and five planting dates on agronomic traits and chemical compositions in sunflower accessions. In this study, genotype by year interaction was significant for days to flowering, weight of seeds per plant, oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, all tocopherol and phytosterol components. The major source of variation in most agronomic traits and chemical compositions in sunflower was attributed by variation among genotypes. Days to flowering, head length, and weight of seeds per plant decreased when planting date was delayed. Oil content, stearic acid, oleic acid, α-tocopherol, total tocopherol, β-sitosterol, and total sterol contents decreased but linoleic acid increased when planting date was delayed. From this study, valuable information will be provided for sunflower breeders and growers in developing and producing functional food resources and products.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Sowing Dates and Cultivars Mediated Changes in Phenology and Yield Traits of Cotton-Sunflower Cropping System in the Arid Environment
    Muhammad Tariq, Zartash Fatima, Pakeeza Iqbal, Kamrun Nahar, Shakeel Ahmad, Mirza Hasanuzzaman
    International Journal of Plant Production.2021; 15(2): 291.     CrossRef
  • Breeding for sustainable oilseed crop yield and quality in a changing climate
    Ziv Attia, Cloe S. Pogoda, Stephan Reinert, Nolan C. Kane, Brent S. Hulke
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics.2021; 134(6): 1817.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical composition of seeds of transgenic spring rapeseed plants carrying the Mammalia cyp11a1 gene
    A.M. Shishlova-Sokolovskaya, S.G. Efimenko
    Fiziologia rastenij i genetika.2020; 52(6): 483.     CrossRef
  • Highlights to phytosterols accumulation and equilibrium in plants: Biosynthetic pathway and feedback regulation
    Xuan Zhang, Kangqi Lin, Yinxin Li
    Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.2020; 155: 637.     CrossRef
  • Environmental effect on sunflower oil quality
    Amadeu Regitano Neto, Ana Maria Rauen de Oliveira Miguel, Anna Lúcia Mourad, Ercília Aparecida Henriques, Rosa Maria Vercelino Alves
    Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology.2016; 16(3): 197.     CrossRef
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  • 5 Crossref