Mungbean is one of the prominent pulse crops in Indonesia since the mungbean seeds are highly nutritious and has become an important part of the diet for the community. The black-seeded mungbean highly nutritious as it contains high anthocyanin content. We have developed a black-seeded mungbean lines that need to be evaluated for drought tolerance. Drought tolerance is important as mungbean is usually cultivated during the drought-prone dry season that leads to total loss. This study aimed to (1) determine the effectiveness of drought tolerance indices to select drought tolerance in black-seeded mungbean, (2) reveal the drought indices most suitable to select drought-tolerant, high- yielding black-seeded mungbean lines. This study was conducted during dry season in the Field Laboratory of Universitas Nusa Cendana. A Split-Plot design was employed, consisting of irrigation frequencies as the main plot and mungbean genotype as the sub- plot treatments. The main plot consisted of three levels, i.e. irrigation every day (I₁), every four days (I₂), and every seven days (I₃), and the subplot consisted of 23 mungbean genotypes. Seed yields under non-stress and stress conditions were used to calculate the drought indices. The data were subjected to ANOVA, PCA and correlation analysis. There were significant variations in seed yields among genotypes under different drought indices. The indices MP, GMP, STI, HARM, MRP, SSI, YSI, MSTIK1, and MSTIK2 are suitable for selection of drought-tolerant, high-yielding mungbean lines. V9.HT, V10.HT, V11.HT, V16.HT, V18.HT, V19.HT, V20.HT, V22.HT were potential for further evaluation as promising drought tolerant, high yielding varieties.

Mungbeans (Vigna radiata L.) are one of major legume crops in Asia as major sources of proteins and carbohydrates. Additionally, they provide functional substances such as vitamin and antioxidant compounds when consumed as bean sprouts. In this study, physical traits of mungbean sprouts, such as sprouts yield, thickness and length of hypocotyl, length of epicotyl, number of lateral roots, and length of root depending on four irrigation conditions (irrigation interval: 2 and 4 hours; irrigation time: 2 and 4 minutes) were measured for three cultivars (Dahyeon, Samgang, Sunhwa). In general, the length and thickness of hypocotyl increased gradually until day 3, followed by a decrease on day 4. Lateral roots and the length of root increased during the cultivation period. Sprouts yield was higher under short irrigation time than long irrigation time until day 3. Preferable traits including sprouts yield, the length of hypocotyl, and the thickness of hypocotyl were better under shorter irrigation time conditions (2 minutes). Traits of negative effect for consumers’ preference, such as number of lateral roots and length of epicotyl, were lower under longer irrigation interval conditions (4 hours). Samgang had the highest yield of sprouts. However, it also had the highest growth of epicotyl. Although Sunhwa had preferable physical traits of bean sprouts, it had the least yield of sprouts. Overall, Dahyeon cultivated under 4 hours (irrigation interval) & 2 minutes (irrigation time) condition had the most preferable traits for producing mungbean sprouts. This study provides information about irrigation conditions affecting quality-related traits to produce mungbean sprouts.

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Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinenesis L.) and pod sucking bug (Riptortus clavatus Thunberg) are serious insect pests during the reproduction stage and seed storage period of legume crops worldwide. However, few sources of resistance to each of these insects have been identified and characterized, and no genetic studies have been carried out with simultaneous tests of these two insects. In this study, the inheritance of seed resistance to Callosobruchus chinenesis L. and Riptortus clavatus Thunberg was examined in a mungbean cultivar, Jangan mungbean, which was developed by backcrossing with the V2709 resistant donor. The F₁, F₂, and F₃ seed generations were developed from the cross between susceptible and resistant parents, and evaluated for resistance to the two insects. It was found that resistance to bruchid and bean bug was controlled by a single dominant gene in the F₁ and F₂ seeds. However, the segregation pattern of reciprocal reaction to each insect in F₂ seeds showed seeds were susceptible to each insect. These results suggest that the resistance genes in Jangan mungbean to bug and weevil are either different or closely linked with each other. A genetic linkage map 13.7 cM in length with 6 markers was successfully constructed. Two QTLs were identified for bruchid resistance, and a QTL for bean bug resistance was detected. One of the QTLs for resistance to bruchid was shared with the QTL for bean bug. These newly developed closely linked markers will be used for cloning of the resistance genes to bruchid and bean bug in the future.

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