CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene-edited (GEd) crops have demonstrated significant potential to enhance global food security in the face of escalating climate challenges and rapid population growth. Since 2019, for regulatory purposes, the United States (U.S.) and several other countries have recognized transgene-free, genome-edited lines as equivalent to conventionally bred varieties. Notably, the first genome-edited food product, Calyno™ soybean oil, was commercialized in the U.S. and marketed as a non-genetically modified organism (GMO) item. Recently, regulatory frameworks, such as the enactment of the Precision Breeding Law in the United Kingdom, the European Union’s New Genomic Techniques (NGT) legislation, and the repeal of the SECURE Rule in the United States, have further established guidelines permitting the use of genome-edited lines in agriculture similar to with conventionally bred crops, provided that these lines are free of transgenic elements. In Korea, researchers and policymakers are actively engaging in discussions to establish a preliminary review committee for GEd crops to align regulatory practices with international trade standards. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate two gene-edited rice lines for generational stability in terms of molecular characteristics, focusing on edited nucleotide sequences, gene expression, target phenotypes, the presence of transgene elements, and potential off-target effects across multiple generations. Additionally, several technical challenges in nucleotide editing tracing emerged during the evaluation process that warrant further attention. The findings presented in this study are expected to offer valuable insights for shaping the regulatory framework in Korea for CRISPR-based gene-edited crops.
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Tiller development is an important agronomic trait in plant architecture and grain yield. Many plant hormones regulate axillary meristem formation, including bud outgrowth for shoot branching. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the brassinosteroid (BR) in tiller development is not yet well known. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized two novel T-DNA insertion mutants,
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Chloroplasts are essential plant organelles that play important roles in photosynthesis and are involved in many fundamental metabolic pathways. Plastid ribosomal proteins are essential components of protein synthesis machinery and have diverse roles in plant growth and development during chloroplast differentiation. In this study, we isolated and characterized T-DNA-tagged rice mutant (
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Gibberellins (GAs) are important hormones at every plant developmental stage including vegetative and reproductive. It is reported in many plant species that many dwarfism and male sterile mutants have defective GA biosynthesis genes. RNA interference (RNAi) technology can reduce expression of specific genes at the transcription level. Also, promoters can control the spatial and temporal expression of genes. Specific promoters containing the RNAi vector can control specific genes’ spatial and temporal expression at the transcriptional level. In this study, at first, five anther specific promoters were chosen and verified by examining their tissue specific expression using promoter::GUS transgenic analysis. RNAi vectors, which contain five anther specific promoters and one constitutive promoter fused to GA biosynthesis related genes, were constructed for controlling of GA biosynthesis in stem and floral tissue.
Temperatures that extend beyond normal levels of tolerance cause severe stress to plants, especially during the reproductive and grain filling/ripening stages. Heat stress leads to serious yield losses in many crop plants, including rice (
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Male sterility is an important trait for crop breeding program based on heterosis. Recent advances in molecular researches have led to the identification of genes involved in plant reproductive development and understanding the molecular functions of rice male gametophyte including roles of phytohormones in reproduction process. Here, we review the genes required for key aspects of anther/pollen development and conventional methods for the production of hybrid seeds in rice. Finally, we discuss the molecular approaches for the generation of male-sterile lines through the regulation of phytohormonal biosynthesis in reproductive organs.
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Gene flow events from genetically modified (GM) rice to adjacent non-GM rice lines naturally happen in the field. GM rice lines containing desirable agronomic traits such as tolerance to abiotic stresses and resistance to biotic stresses can be used to cross with non-GM cultivated rice and also to wild species of rice. This event can eventually lead to offspring which possess traits that allows a better chance of survival in the field. However this phenomenon has the possibility to produce undesirable effect in the environment surrounding the rice field. The
objective
of this study was to determine the out-crossing rate of GM rice to cultivated rice. Transgenic rice, Hwangkembyeo (containing beta-carotene enhancing gene and
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