Foxglove aphid (FA), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, is a notable economic pest of soybean plants causing deformation of leaves, the transmission of viruses, and significant yield losses. Host plant resistance is considered the most environment-friendly and economic approach to insect-pest management. However, studies on the activities, biology, and management of FA are still limited. This review article will focus on current knowledge on the prospect of utilizing host plant resistance in the management of FA based on molecular and genetic studies. The soybean plant’s resistance against FA is conferred by the presence of the resistance to Aulacorthum solani gene (Raso). Currently, two Raso genes with NB-ARC domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing gene (NBS-LRR) were proposed to confer resistance against FA biotypes in Japan and Korea. The use of soybean Williams 82 sequence assembly in these studies showed the chromosome position of identified QTL/genes where they were fine-mapped. In exploring this existing knowledge, we suggest identifying more resistant soybean cultivars and new Raso genes and then combining the R genes in resistant cultivars to produce plants with active defense responses across different biotypes of FA. Furthermore, we recommend an aphid whole-genome sequence study to understand FA adaptation to soybean and biotype.

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• Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Aphid Parasitoid Praon volucre: Effects of Host Association and Behavioral Lateralization
  Maria C. Boukouvala, Demeter Lorentha S. Gidari, Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
  Insects.2026; 17(2): 192.     CrossRef

Phytophthora sojae is a soil-borne oomycete that causes both pre- and post-emergence damping-off disease in soybean that are present in poorly drained soils. Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean has become an emerging threat to soybean production in South Korea as soybean cultivation in paddy fields has increased recently. The cultivar Daewon was identified as a genetic source for resistance to P. sojae isolate 2457; moreover, a 573 kb resistance locus was previously mapped on chromosome 3 via linkage analysis using Daepung × Daewon recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. This study aimed to develop a gene-based molecular marker associated with P. sojae resistance using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at this locus. Three sets of single nucleotide amplified polymorphism (SNAP) markers were initially designed based on genic SNPs in the identified genomic region. Of these, the marker SNAP-Set2 successfully worked for allele-specific amplification for the respective Daepung and Daewon, as well as 20 RILs derived from crosses of the two cultivars. To validate this marker, 11 soybean germplasms were randomly selected and genotyped, which resulted in reliable allele-specific amplification that agreed with the 180 K Axiom^® SoyaSNP array data. Phenotypic evaluation of the 20 RILs and the 11 germplasms subsequently demonstrated that Daepung-type and Daewon-type for the SNAP-Set2 are both associated with susceptibility and resistance to P. sojae isolate 2457. The availability of a molecular marker linked to this resistance locus would expedite the use of this valuable resistance allele in soybean breeding programs for increased resistance to P. sojae.

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• Genetic structuring associated with Ganoderma boninense resistance in oil palm revealed by multivariate marker analysis of the EgLCC24 gene
  Rokhana Faizah, Turhadi Turhadi, Delvi Maretta, Sri Wening, Yogesh K. Ahlawat, Ajaya K. Biswal
  Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2026; 144: 103243.     CrossRef
• Identification and genetic analysis of candidate genes for resistance against Phytophthora sojae in soybean using a genome-wide association study
  Hye Rang Park, Su Vin Heo, Beom Kyu Kang, Hyoseob Seo, Eunsoo Lee, Jihee Park, Yun Woo Jang, Jeong Hyun Seo, Girim Park, Jun Hoi Kim, Yeong Hoon Lee, Won Young Han, Myung Chul Seo, Ji-Ung Jeung
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development of a molecular marker for the Pi1 gene based on the association of the SNAP protocol with the touch-up gradient amplification method
  Klaus Konrad Scheuermann, Adriana Pereira
  Journal of Microbiological Methods.2023; 214: 106845.     CrossRef

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR) of soybean is a severe disease that causes significant economic losses in soybean-growing countries. The causal agent, Phytophthora sojae, is a soil-borne oomycete that causes pre- and post-emergence damping-off of soybean in poorly drained soils. PRR has not been a severe problem in South Korea; however, as the cultivation of soybean in paddy fields recently increased, there is a growing interest because the incidence of PRR can be extensively expanded. R-gene mediated resistance is known as the main strategy for the management of this disease. On the other hand, partial resistance has also been known to provide more effective disease management than the Rps (Resistance to Phytophthora sojae) resistance. Responses of domestic soybean cultivars to a few P. sojae isolates were recently reported, while phenotypic distribution of numerous germplasms is mostly unknown. The
objective
s of this review are to summarize published studies conducted on PRR, to suggest future directions of genetic researches and breeding to the target pathogen. This review will discuss the followings; i) a brief introduction to PRR and the causal agent P. sojae, ii) types of genetic resistance to P. sojae and findings of genes/QTL conditioning to resistance, iii) changes in virulence pathotype of P. sojae populations, and iv) current status and perspective of genetic/genomic researches on the interaction of soybean and P. sojae in the South Korea.

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  Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pathotypes and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)-Based Genetic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae Isolates in the Republic of Korea
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  Microorganisms.2025; 13(3): 478.     CrossRef
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• Genetic dissection of resistance to Phytophthora sojae using genome-wide association and linkage analysis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
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  Theoretical and Applied Genetics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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