The aim of the research is to investigate collective samples of barley of various ecological-geographical origination, to select donors with a high percentage of protein per grain, and to breed new varieties and hybrids with the use of various selection and genetics methods. The amount of protein per grain was determined by the Kjeldahl method, while levels of starch were indicated by the polarimetry method. The combinational capability of donors was evaluated with the use of top crossing interbreeding. Combinative mutability was evaluated under the external environment influence. An analysis of the current development and employment state of various parental form searches to cultivate high-protein kinds of barley, methods of selection through molecule marker usage, methods of hybridization, and biotechnical manipulation to achieve the desired result was conducted. Most suitable parental forms from collective materials were picked to acquire high protein per grain percentage kinds and hybrids, amongst them are Saule, Asem, Arna, Harmal, and Lignee-527 varieties. These donors are perspective varieties, that should be included in selective programs in Kazakhstan.
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Poor seed yield remains a great challenge for cowpea production in sub-Sahara Africa and continuous evaluation of available genetic resource to develop high and stable yielding varieties is the panacea to this regional food security conundrum. In this study, 21 cowpea breeding lines were evaluated for phenotypic analysis of seed yield components for two years in a randomized complete block design of 3 replications. All the yield components exhibited significant genotypic variation, while flowering, pod maturity and seed yield traits recorded significant variation for years and its interactions. These cowpeas, which are predominantly early-medium maturing biotypes, exhibited relative phenotypic stability for the yield components across years (seasons) except seed yield, being a final product of complex physiological process. Relationships between flowering/pod maturity and seed size were positive and significant. By contrast, pods/plant, seeds/plant and total seed yield recorded negative correlations with pod maturity. However, seeds/plant and pods/plant are the most contributory components to seed-yield with correlation coefficients of
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