Phytophthora sojae is a soil-borne oomycete that causes both pre- and post-emergence damping-off disease in soybean that are present in poorly drained soils. Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean has become an emerging threat to soybean production in South Korea as soybean cultivation in paddy fields has increased recently. The cultivar Daewon was identified as a genetic source for resistance to P. sojae isolate 2457; moreover, a 573 kb resistance locus was previously mapped on chromosome 3 via linkage analysis using Daepung × Daewon recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. This study aimed to develop a gene-based molecular marker associated with P. sojae resistance using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at this locus. Three sets of single nucleotide amplified polymorphism (SNAP) markers were initially designed based on genic SNPs in the identified genomic region. Of these, the marker SNAP-Set2 successfully worked for allele-specific amplification for the respective Daepung and Daewon, as well as 20 RILs derived from crosses of the two cultivars. To validate this marker, 11 soybean germplasms were randomly selected and genotyped, which resulted in reliable allele-specific amplification that agreed with the 180 K Axiom^® SoyaSNP array data. Phenotypic evaluation of the 20 RILs and the 11 germplasms subsequently demonstrated that Daepung-type and Daewon-type for the SNAP-Set2 are both associated with susceptibility and resistance to P. sojae isolate 2457. The availability of a molecular marker linked to this resistance locus would expedite the use of this valuable resistance allele in soybean breeding programs for increased resistance to P. sojae.

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This study involved an evaluation of agronomic characteristics to identify elite faba bean (Vicia faba L.) lines adapted to the environmental conditions in Korea. A total of 371 accessions were sown in February 2015, and 256 lines among 1,006 individuals were selected based on seed size and color as well as seed yield per plant. Thirty seeds of each line were sown in October 2015 to analyze the winter survival rates and agronomic characteristics. The 129 lines that survived until March were examined based on nine traits, including flowering date, plant height, number of stems, pot length, pot width, seeds per pot, 100-seed weight, seed size and seed color. Finally, ten elite lines were selected according to the winter survival rate, seed size and color, as well as seed yield per plant. Green seeds were observed for four of the selected lines, brown seeds were observed for two lines, and black, purple, and beige seeds were detected in one line each. The average winter survival rate was 74.8%. Moreover, the average plant height and 100-seed weight were 83.5 cm and 10.8 g, respectively. The plants produced an average of 150 seeds. These results will be very useful for autumn-sown of faba bean in South Korea, and ten elite lines will provide great opportunity for faba bean breeding.

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