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Research Article

Genetic Parameters and Multivariate Analysis to Determine Secondary Traits in Selecting Wheat Mutant Adaptive on Tropical Lowlands

Muh Farid1, Nasaruddin Nasaruddin1, Yunus Musa1, Muhammad Fuad Anshori1,*, Ifayanti Ridwan1, Jekvy Hendra2, Gatot Subroto3
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2020;8(4):368-377.
Published online: December 1, 2020

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3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Jember University, Jember, East Java 68121, Indonesia

*Corresponding author Muhammad Fuad Anshori, fuad.pbt15@gmail.com, Tel: +62 853-1123-6019, Fax: +62-853-1123-6019
• Received: September 16, 2020   • Revised: October 9, 2020   • Accepted: October 22, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Genetic Parameters and Multivariate Analysis to Determine Secondary Traits in Selecting Wheat Mutant Adaptive on Tropical Lowlands
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2020;8(4):368-377.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2020.8.4.368
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Genetic Parameters and Multivariate Analysis to Determine Secondary Traits in Selecting Wheat Mutant Adaptive on Tropical Lowlands
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2020;8(4):368-377.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2020.8.4.368
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Genetic Parameters and Multivariate Analysis to Determine Secondary Traits in Selecting Wheat Mutant Adaptive on Tropical Lowlands
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 The general plant condition in each study environment, (a) Kelara village, (b) Allopolea Village, and (c) Bonto Manai Village.
Fig. 2 Dendrogram of characters of wheat mutant adaptive to lowland. DF: Days to flowering, DH: Days to harvest, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, NPT: The number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, PH: Plant height, PL: Panicle length, PUG: Percentage of unfilled grains, W100: Weight of 100 grains, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle.
Fig. 3 3D plot of principal component analysis (PCA) of the character of wheat mutant adaptive to lowland. DF: Days to flowering, DH: Days to harvest, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, NPT: The number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, PH: Plant height, PL: Panicle length, PUG: Percentage of unfilled grains, W100: Weight of 100 grains, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Genetic Parameters and Multivariate Analysis to Determine Secondary Traits in Selecting Wheat Mutant Adaptive on Tropical Lowlands

Analysis of variance and repeatability of the characters of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

Character Location (E) Genotype (G) G × E CV Vg R
PH 2211.88** 64.97** 55.31** 8.63 0.02 14.86%
NPT 30.55* 5.97** 0.55ns 20.05 0.37 89.38%
DF 181.52** 19.44* 31.12** 5.48 0.00 0.00%
DH 1886.16** 15.97** 17.84** 2.76 0.00 0.00%
NS 202.43** 7.0** 3.13** 7.95 0.09 55.41%
PL 46.12** 1.15** 0.55** 5.46 0.08 51.96%
NGP 778.65** 57.61** 45.56** 16.32 0.04 20.92%
WPG 1.821** 0.085** 0.032** 19.1 0.13 61.98%
W100 0.28** 0.32** 0.23** 8.51 0.07 27.36%
PUG 411.84** 133.96** 175.34** 12.05 0.00 0.00%
Yield 7.49** 1.59** 0.19ns 22.07 0.38 87.92%

Analysis genetic correlation (above the diagonal line) and phenotypic correlation (below diagonal line) on the yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

Traits PH NPT DF DH NS PL NGP WGP W100 PUG Yield
PH 0.599 NA NA 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 NA 0.999**
NPT 0.167 NA NA 0.682 0.364 0.797 0.441 0.423 NA 0.835**
DF ‒0.508 0.019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
DH 0.057 ‒0.380 ‒0.287 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NS 0.606 0.443 ‒0.315 ‒0.379 0.822 1.000 1.000 1.000 NA 0.999**
PL 0.632 0.216 ‒0.241 ‒0.173 0.745 0.550 0.978 1.000 NA 0.705**
NGP 0.386 0.247 ‒0.331 ‒0.172 0.755 0.377 1.000 1.000 NA 0.999**
WGP 0.671 0.262 ‒0.228 0.054 0.667 0.765 0.633 1.000 NA 0.921**
W100 0.729 0.189 ‒0.198 ‒0.180 0.642 0.669 0.517 0.749 NA 0.999**
PUG ‒0.108 ‒0.011 0.176 0.011 ‒0.366 ‒0.020 ‒0.874 ‒0.424 ‒0.325 NA
Yield 0.503** 0.771** ‒0.137 ‒0.413 0.831** 0.559** 0.674** 0.663** 0.645** ‒0.386
Difference 0.497 0.065 0.169 0.146 0.326 0.258 0.355

Factor analysis of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland character.

Variable Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Communality
PH 0.218 0.14 ‒0.017 ‒0.233 0.774
NPT ‒0.185 0.121 0.592 ‒0.219 0.86
DF 0.127 ‒0.027 ‒0.126 0.775 0.878
DH 0.015 ‒0.011 ‒0.293 ‒0.364 0.698
NS 0.105 ‒0.034 0.152 ‒0.035 0.836
PL 0.366 0.202 ‒0.086 0.118 0.85
NGP ‒0.067 ‒0.43 0.011 ‒0.03 0.976
WPG 0.274 ‒0.068 ‒0.163 0.101 0.841
W100 0.326 0.001 ‒0.167 0.203 0.805
PUG 0.135 0.59 0.125 ‒0.069 0.978
Yield 0.002 ‒0.043 0.321 ‒0.035 0.946
Variance (Var) 3.764 2.1886 2.177 1.3137 9.4433
% Var 0.342 0.199 0.198 0.119 0.858

Path analysis on yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

Character Direct effect JAP JS JBM BBM B100 Residual
NPT 0.563 0.104 0.051 0.017 0.045 0.044
NS 0.237 0.248 0.142 0.041 0.153 0.044
NGP 0.189 0.152 0.178 0.039 0.122 0.044
WGP 0.061 0.152 0.157 0.121 0.179 0.044
W100 0.239 0.107 0.152 0.096 0.046 0.044

Conformity value of secondary trait on the yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

Character R CA Dr PCA FcA PA Total Conformity
Plant height 5 3 5 3 5 5 26 16.67
Number of productive tillers 1 1 1 3 1 1 8 91.67
Days to flowering 5 5 5 5 5 5 30 0.00
Days to harvest 5 5 5 5 5 5 30 0.00
Number of spikelet 1 1 3 1 5 1 12 75.00
Panicle length 1 1 3 1 3 5 14 66.67
Number of grains per panicle 3 3 3 3 5 3 20 41.67
Weight of grains per panicle 1 3 1 1 5 3 14 66.67
Weight of 100 grains 3 3 1 1 3 1 12 75.00
Percentage of unfilled grains 5 5 5 5 3 5 28 8.33
Max score 5 5 5 5 5 5 30
Min Score 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Table 1 Analysis of variance and repeatability of the characters of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

CV: coefficient of variance, Vg: genetic varaince, R: repeatability, ns: not significant. *: significant at P ≤ 0.05, **: significant at P ≤ 0.01, DF: Days to flowering, DH: Days to harvest, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, NPT: The number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, PH: Plant height, PL: Panicle length, PUG: Percentage of unfilled grains, W100: Weight of 100 grains, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle.

Table 2 Analysis genetic correlation (above the diagonal line) and phenotypic correlation (below diagonal line) on the yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

ns: not significant, *: significant at P ≤ 0.05, **: significant at P ≤ 0.01, Difference: (genetic correlation-phenotypic correlation), DF: Days to flowering, DH: Days to harvest, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, NPT: The number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, PH: Plant height, PL: Panicle length, PUG: Percentage of unfilled grains, W100: Weight of 100 grains, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle.

Table 3 Factor analysis of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland character.

DF: Days to flowering, DH: Days to harvest, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, NPT: The number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, PH: Plant height, PL: Panicle length, PUG: Percentage of unfilled grains, W100: Weight of 100 grains, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle.

Table 4 Path analysis on yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

R2 = 79.01%. NPT: the number of productive tillers, NS: Number of spikelet, NGP: Number of grains per panicle, WGP: Weight of grains per panicle, W100: Weight of 100 grains.

Table 5 Conformity value of secondary trait on the yield of wheat mutant adaptive to tropical lowland.

R: Repeatability, CA: Correlation analysis, Dr: Dendrogram, PCA: Principal component analysis, FcA: Factor analysis, PA: path analysis.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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