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Research Article

Variety x Location Interaction on Oil, Fatty acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Korean Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Xiangmin Piao1, Seong Yel Choi2, Young Ho Kim2, Yong Hwa Lee3, Kwang Soo Kim3, Young Seok Jang3, Yoon-Sup So1, Hong Sig Kim1,*
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2013;1(1):91-101.
Published online: March 31, 2013

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*Corresponding author: Hong Sig Kim, hongsigk@chungbuk.ac.kr, Tel: +82-43-261-2513, Fax: +82-43-261-2513
• Received: March 19, 2013   • Revised: March 22, 2013   • Accepted: March 23, 2013

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society of Breeding Science

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Variety x Location Interaction on Oil, Fatty acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Korean Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2013;1(1):91-101.   Published online March 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2013.1.1.091
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Variety x Location Interaction on Oil, Fatty acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Korean Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2013;1(1):91-101.   Published online March 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2013.1.1.091
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Variety x Location Interaction on Oil, Fatty acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Korean Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Mean temperature (a) and rainfall (b) during 2010 and 2011 crop cycle in Cheongwon and Muan.
Fig. 2 Chromatograms of fatty acid by GC-FID in rapeseed. (1): Standard mixture, (2): rapeseed sample ⓐ caprylic acid, ⓑ capric acid, ⓒ lauric acid, ⓓ myristic acid, ⓔ palmitic acid, ⓕ palmitoleic acid, ⓖ stearic acid, ⓗ oleic acid, ⓘ linoleic acid, ⓙ linolenic acid, ⓚ arachidic acid, ⓛ eicoseoic acid, ⓜ eicosadienioc acid, ⓝ behenicacid, ⓞ erucic acid, ⓟ lignoceric acid.
Fig. 3 Sums of squares in percentage for oil and fatty acids detected.
Fig. 4 Chromatograms of tocopherol and phytosterol by GC-FID in rapeseed. (1): Standard mixture, (2): rapeseed sample. I.S.: Internal standard, ⓐ: δ-T, ⓑ: β-T, ⓒ: γ-T, ⓓ: α-T, ⓔ: brassicasterol, ⓕ: campesterol, ⓖ: stigmasterol, ⓗ: β-sitosterol.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Variety x Location Interaction on Oil, Fatty acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Korean Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Analyses of variance for oil and fatty acids of eight rapeseed varieties tested in two test environments. Data show sums of squares with F-test results.

Source of variation df Oil Palmitic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic Arachidic Eicoseoic Erucic
Loc 1 244.35** 0.75* 0.63** 185.26** 115.32** 1.58* 0.002ns 0.002ns 0.09*
Rep(Loc) 4 29.83 0.29 0.02 6.94 2.76 0.44 0.002 0.007 0.02
Variety 7 50.73** 2.52*** 1.28*** 189.19*** 95.42*** 56.74*** 0.321*** 4.168*** 4.01***
Variety X Loc 7 16.95ns 0.36** 0.27*** 60.03*** 34.05** 5.01*** 0.050* 1.246*** 0.45***
Error 28 44.56 0.22 0.08 23.17 26.73 1.08 0.065 0.087 0.21
Total 47 386.42 4.14 2.28 464.58 274.28 64.84 0.440 5.510 4.78

*Significant at 0.05 level,

**significant at 0.01 level,

***significant at 0.005 level,

ns:not significant.

Analysis of oil and fatty acid contents (%) of eight rapeseed varieties in two cultivation locations.

Varieties Locations Oil Fatty acid
Palmitic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic Arachidic Eicoseoic Erucic
Hanla Cheongwon 41.13±0.924 cdef 4.30±0.173 def 2.63±0.058 a 65.60±0.361 cd 19.47±0.351 ef 6.30±0.173 g 0.60±0.000 d 1.00±0.000 g 0.03±0.058 f
Muan 38.37±2.458 ghi 4.37±0.058 cde 2.33±0.058 c 63.10±0.300 hij 22.20±0.173 ab 6.13±0.115 g 0.60±0.000 d 1.10±0.000 f 0.13±0.058 ef
Mokpo111 Cheongwon 42.67±1.069 bcd 4.07±0.115 gh 2.47±0.058 b 66.20±0.265 bc 18.70±0.173 f 6.80±0.173 ef 0.60±0.000 d 1.07±0.058 fg 0.07±0.058 f
Muan 37.23±1.185 i 4.53±0.153 bc 2.30±0.000 c 63.37±0.651 ghij 20.93±0.44 bcd 6.77±0.351 b 0.60±0.000 d 1.30±0.000 d 0.23±0.058 e
Mokpo68 Cheongwon 45.20±2.265 a 3.90±0.173 hi 2.13±0.058 d 65.2±0.700 cdef 19.10±1.931 ef 8.87±0.351 b 0.50±0.000 e 1.13±0.058 ef 0.10±0.000 f
Muan 39.67±2.458 efgh 3.87±0.155 i 2.00±0.100 f 62.17±0.702 j 21.17±0.416 abc 9.03±0.503 b 0.05±0.000 e 1.20±0.000 e 0.13±0.058 ef
Naehan Cheongwon 43.93±1.550 ab 4.47±0.153 bcd 2.47±0.058 b 65.00±0.000 cdef 16.73±0.153 g 8.37±0.115 c 0.80±0.000 a 1.50±0.000 c 0.60±0.000 cd
Muan 38.77±2.695 fghi 4.93±0.155 a 2.03±0.058 ef 65.83±0.513 k 22.40±0.100 a 10.27±0.231 a 0.70±0.000 bc 1.50±0.100 c 0.90±0.000 a
Sunmang Cheongwon 41.77±0.451 bcde 4.40±0.100 bcde 2.10±0.000 de 65.33±0.208 cde 18.27±0.058 f 6.63±0.058 f 0.63±0.058 cd 1.87±0.058 b 0.73±0.115 b
Muan 37.70±0.346 hi 4.57±0.058 b 2.00±0.000 f 62.53±0.153 ij 20.50±0.100 cde 7.27±0.058 d 0.60±0.000 d 1.83±0.058 b 0.70±0.000 bc
Tamla Cheongwon 43.37±0.503 abc 4.17±0.155 fg 2.13±0.058 d 63.87±0.416 fghi 18.20±0.100 f 6.17±0.153 g 0.60±0.000 d 2.33±0.115 a 0.87±0.153 a
Muan 37.20±1.825 i 4.57±0.058 b 2.03±0.058 ef 62.17±0.862 j 19.07±1.155 ef 6.67±0.153 f 0.73±0.115 ab 1.50±0.000 c 0.60±0.200 cd
Tammi Cheongwon 43.63±1.429 ab 4.30±0.173 def 2.13±0.058 d 71.90±0.173 a 12.97±0.252 h 6.67±0.058 f 0.70±0.000 bc 1.33±0.058 d 0.10±0.100 f
Muan 40.57±0.379 defg 4.50±0.200 bc 2.03±0.058 ef 64.63±3.435 defg 18.97±3.004 f 6.80±0.173 ef 0.67±0.115 bcd 1.53±0.058 c 0.10±0.100 f
Yeongsan Cheongwon 43.80±0.500 ab 3.97±0.058 hi 2.63±0.058 a 67.27±0.252 b 16.60±0.100 g 7.33±0.153 d 0.80±0.000 a 1.30±0.000 d 0.10±0.000 f
Muan 39.70±0.755 efgh 4323±0.058 efg 2.13±0.058 d 64.13±0.306 efgh 19.60±0.110 def 7.10±0.100 de 0.73±0.058 ab 1.47±0.058 c 0.50±0.000 d
LSD (α=0.05) 2.54 0.21 0.09 1.61 1.60 0.36 0.08 0.09 0.14

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation followed by alphabet letters from Waller-Duncan’s multiple range test. The same letters in each column indicate no significant difference at α=0.05.

Pearson correlation coefficients among oil, fatty acids, tocophenols and phytosterols.

Oil Palmitic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic Arachidic Eicoseoic Erucic α-T γ-T δ-T Brassica Campe Stigma β-sito
Oil −0.46 0.32 0.57 −0.56 0.03 0.03 0.01 −0.19 −0.01 −0.24 0.06 −0.34 0.00 −0.27 −0.04
Palmitic 0.001 −0.21 −0.42 0.18 0.06 0.35 0.27 0.49 −0.14 0.53 −0.21 0.26 0.46 −0.33 −0.13
Stearic 0.029 0.154 0.37 −0.21 −0.26 0.23 −0.45 −0.42 0.27 0.01 −0.17 −0.12 0.05 −0.20 −0.05
Oleic <0.001 0.003 0.011 −0.85 −0.49 0.17 −0.18 −0.52 0.55 −0.32 0.05 −0.53 0.08 −0.20 −0.05
Linoleic <0.001 0.222 0.152 <0.001 0.26 −0.47 −0.11 0.18 −0.38 0.21 0.05 0.46 −0.39 0.41 −0.03
Linolenic 0.829 0.684 0.069 <0.001 0.072 −0.02 −0.14 0.19 −0.58 0.29 0.14 0.41 0.18 0.15 0.44
Arachidic 0.829 0.015 0.121 0.260 <0.001 0.877 0.13 0.19 0.17 0.28 −0.11 −0.23 0.60 −0.53 0.04
Eicoseoic 0.967 0.064 0.001 0.232 0.470 0.329 0.364 0.78 −0.14 −0.20 −0.27 0.01 0.25 −0.19 −0.30
Erucic 0.203 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.219 0.193 0.186 <0.001 −0.39 0.08 −0.30 0.33 0.40 −0.22 −0.11
α-T 0.946 0.333 0.059 <0.001 0.008 <0.001 0.251 0.349 0.007 −0.25 −0.03 −0.41 −0.01 −0.01 −0.23
γ-T 0.103 <0.001 0.967 0.025 0.142 0.043 0.057 0.166 0.610 0.085 0.13 0.24 0.28 −0.34 0.27
δ-T 0.667 0.153 0.246 0.755 0.713 0.344 0.438 0.060 0.036 0.863 0.390 −0.17 −0.18 0.17 0.30
Brassica 0.018 0.070 0.427 <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.120 0.940 0.022 0.004 0.107 0.258 0.30 0.25 0.22
Campe 0.987 0.001 0.714 0.569 0.007 0.226 <0.001 0.089 0.005 0.954 0.051 0.220 0.041 −0.35 0.25
Stigma 0.059 0.024 0.166 0.166 0.004 0.293 <0.001 0.204 0.137 0.926 0.019 0.254 0.085 0.014 0.04
β-sito 0.785 0.364 0.732 0.734 0.827 0.002 0.793 0.039 0.468 0.119 0.068 0.036 0.139 0.085 0.785

Above diagonal shows the coefficients while p-values are displayed below diagonal.

Analysis of variance in tocopherol and phytosterol contents (μg g−1) of eight rapeseed varieties in two locations. Data show sums of squares with F-test results.

Source osf variation df Tocopherols Phytosterols
Total α-Tz) γ-Ty) δ-Tx) Total Brassicav) Campeu) Stigmat) β-sitos)
Loc 1 4776.0ns 66.3ns 5779.4ns 1.5ns 3884.4ns 21522.3ns 41943.3ns 4508.6* 5094.4ns
Rep(Loc) 4 4573.2 617.6 5414.1 8.2 3981988.2 102006.8 146633.2 941.9 1681114.5
Variety 7 42279.0*** 6844.9*** 44877.3*** 15.6ns 5390295.1*** 335592.3*** 697190.9*** 24354.7*** 4835740.5***
Variety X Loc 7 3149.2ns 1000.7* 2293.8ns 7.3ns 1815596.8ns 37898.4ns 70583.1ns 3152.3* 1233275.0ns
Error 28 7816.8 1626.4 6377.3 42.1 3983228.2 196423.5 227814.1 3810.0 2136145.0
Total 47 62594.3 10155.8 64742.0 74.7 15174992.7 693443.3 1184164.5 36767.3 9891369.4

*Significant at 0.05 level,

**significant at 0.01 level,

***significant at 0.005 level,

ns:not significant.

z)α-tocopherol,

y)γ-tocopherol,

x)δ-tocopherol,

v)brassicasterol,

u)campesterol,

t)stigmasterol,

s)β-sitosterol

Analysis of tocopherol and phytosterol contents (μg g−1) of eight rapeseed varieties in two locations.

Varieties Locations Tocopherol Phytosterol
Total α-T γ-T δ-T Total Brassica Campe Stigma β-sito
Hanla Cheongwon 267.87±4.302 a 46.80±4.440 abc 216.63±6.181 cde 4.43±0.208 a 5239.63±274.147 ab 740.83±63.518 abc 973.43±95.039 defg 31.43±10.072 cd 3493.93±111.196 abc
Muan 264.77±19.651 ab 33.37±13.478 de 225.07±16.684 bc 6.33±2.281 a 4779.23±552.071 ab 663.67±138.978 bcd 896.93±102.989 fg 41.00±15.181 c 3177.63±328.463 abcd
Mokpo111 Cheongwon 209.87±17.012 defg 40.33±11.956 bcd 165.17±11.843 fghi 4.37±0.850 a 4376.20±352.819 b 805.77±64.6523 ab 1053.03±81.219 bcdef 60.27±8.677 b 2457.13±201.617 e
Muan 234.53±9.150 bcd 42.97±9.131 bcd 187.53±7.506 efg 4.03±0.950 a 4557.20±399.045 b 825.77±42.309 ab 1047.20±88.333 bcdef 103.57±3.729 a 2580.67±276.923 de
Mokpo68 Cheongwon 187.43±1.665 fg 15.70±4.503 gh 166.20±6.002 fghi 5.53±0.473 a 5330.93±291.524 ab 741.67±50.793 abc 946.93±62.118 efg 71.43±18.250 b 3570.90±185.456 ab
Muan 205.23±12.143 defg 23.50±4.214 efgh 175.87±8.165 fghi 5.87±1.662 a 5352.33±771.734 ab 783.87±199.104 ab 799.07±65.074 g 100.97±14.506 a 3668.43±494.607 a
Naehan Cheongwon 276.03±12.050 a 18.90±4.670 fgh 253.03±8.565 ab 4.10±0.954 a 5679.63±312.898 a 814.17±51.639 ab 1354.33±81.099 a 21.53±11.741 d 3489.60±208.882 abc
Muan 276.47±42.285 a 12.13±4.225 h 259.47±44.071 a 4.87±1.007 a 5343.50±369.611 ab 894.70±104.777 a 1225.70±83.611 ab 25.40±11.386 cd 3179.70±185.690 abcd
Sunmang Cheongwon 191.37±26.054 efg 26.10±9.015 efg 161.23±22.288 ghi 4.03±0.551 a 4884.80±285.080 ab 765.93±41.049 ab 1149.70±83.611 ab 35.87±8.816 cd 2933.30±183.330 cde
Muan 281.07±9.711 cdef 35.60±6.451 cde 177.57±13.279 fgh 4.90±2.476 a 5080.57±389.373 ab 796.63±79.322 ab 1149.70±83.611 ab 69.30±4.215 b 3046.17±256.168 abcde
Tamla Cheongwon 184.63±5.107 g 32.63±7.304 de 148.03±3.580 hi 3.97±0.945 a 4339.37±276.445 b 689.00±38.835 bcd 1149.07±53.432 bcd 37.77±13.959 cd 2618.23±192.017 de
Muan 220.37±24.581 cde 31.90±4.158 def 184.27±27.600 fg 4.20±1.212 a 4972.43±817.891 ab 719.27±41.397 abcd 1168.47±56.486 bc 32.73±9.509 cd 3168.87±729.956 abcd
Tammi Cheongwon 256.70±9.614 ab 58.93±8.905 a 192.30±7.725 def 5.47±1.656 a 4978.37±620.392 ab 572.03±84.781 cd 994.37±51.288 cdef 21.00±8.903 d 3207.13±385.408 abcd
Muan 266.50±34.426 a 40.87±0.808 bcd 220.33±34.593 cd 5.30±0.964 a 4374.30±677.671 b 660.77±113.588 bcd 1051.97±229.349 cdef 29.07±8.198 cd 2668.50±441.650 de
Yeongsan Cheongwon 201.00±23.961 efg 49.27±14.103 ab 146.73±10.877 i 5.00±0.755 a 4651.03±732.999 ab 545.57±88.263 d 1085.07±165.739 bcde 33.50±13.700 cd 2986.90±485.141 bcde
Muan 248.57±8.864 abc 49.53±12.011 ab 194.80±21.022 def 4.23±0.551 a 4876.47±210.411 ab 669.10±157.954 bcd 1057.20±89.324 bcdef 65.83±20.710 b 3084.33±256.918 abcde
LSD (α=0.05) 32.73 13.93 31.93 2.08 829.76 160.61 179.91 20.27 576.42

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation followed by alphabet letters from Waller-Duncan’s multiple range test. The same letters in each column indicate no significant difference at α=0.05.

Table 1 Analyses of variance for oil and fatty acids of eight rapeseed varieties tested in two test environments. Data show sums of squares with F-test results.

Significant at 0.05 level,

significant at 0.01 level,

significant at 0.005 level,

not significant.

Table 2 Analysis of oil and fatty acid contents (%) of eight rapeseed varieties in two cultivation locations.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation followed by alphabet letters from Waller-Duncan’s multiple range test. The same letters in each column indicate no significant difference at α=0.05.

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients among oil, fatty acids, tocophenols and phytosterols.

Above diagonal shows the coefficients while p-values are displayed below diagonal.

Table 4 Analysis of variance in tocopherol and phytosterol contents (μg g−1) of eight rapeseed varieties in two locations. Data show sums of squares with F-test results.

Significant at 0.05 level,

significant at 0.01 level,

significant at 0.005 level,

not significant.

α-tocopherol,

γ-tocopherol,

δ-tocopherol,

brassicasterol,

campesterol,

stigmasterol,

β-sitosterol

Table 5 Analysis of tocopherol and phytosterol contents (μg g−1) of eight rapeseed varieties in two locations.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation followed by alphabet letters from Waller-Duncan’s multiple range test. The same letters in each column indicate no significant difference at α=0.05.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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