First initiation of breeding started thousands of years ago when human practiced selection based in visually appealing traits. Further, domestication of wild plants eased adaptation of plant breeding. With increase in population the demand for food also increased which resulted in development of various breeding methodologies. Conventional breeding is a selective breeding methodology where crops are selected based on superior performances. Pure-line selections, mass selection, back cross breeding, recurrent selection, hybridization were most famous traditional breeding methods. It is a longer breeding method and is over-dependent on phenotype of plants. However, phenotypes of a plant are affected by various externalities. So, selection based on phenotypic expression is not accurate. As a result, breeder started integrating various branches of biology in plant breeding and developed modern breeding practices. After Mendelian theory and identification of DNA and RNA, plant breeding diverted to molecular era. People started breeding based on less environmentally susceptible parameters like genotypes, visual and genetic markers, image analysis and loci mapping. Some of the most common modern breeding practices include genomic selection, markers assisted breeding, high throughput phenotyping and CRISPR-Cas9. Despite these, plant breeding has fired up the problems of gene erosion due to loss of local landraces and wild-type plants.
Citations
Peanut (
Citations
This study estimated the genetic variability and gene action of several traits in the F4 and F5 rice populations to determine a trait for selection program. The trait of date to flowering and date to harvesting had narrow genetic variability, whereas trait productive tillers, number of fertile grain, and total grains had moderate to wide genetic variability. Genetic variability in trait number of fertile grain and total grains showed decreased in F5 generation compare to the F4 generation, whereas trait productive tillers, date to flowering, and date to harvesting showed an increase. Additive gene action with duplicate and complementary epistasis was found in all traits, except for trait productive tillers only showed additive gene action with duplicate epistasis. Kurtosis less than 3 was found in all traits which indicate many genes control the traits. The number of fertile grain trait showed wide genetic variability which decreased in F5 generation compare to the F4 generation, and there is an additive gene action with duplicate epistasis. It indicates selection will be effective with the trait of number of fertile grain.
Citations
Plant breeders have accumulated hybrid effects to increase food production in order to counteract the loss of arable land. Hybrids may possess novel genetic potential to increase agricultural productivity; however, the relationships between genetic resources for optimizing crop productivity remain mostly unclear. In this study, we recorded heterosis effects of genetically inherited traits by reciprocal hybridization of the
Citations
Doubled haploid (DH) technology enables the generation and evaluation of new plant genotypes in ≤ 2 years, which is in stark contrast to the 6-7 years required for conventional breeding. Recently, a few proteins including MATRILINEAL (MTL) were found to trigger haploid induction in monocot plants. However, MTL function in dicot plants remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of Arabidopsis PATATIN-RELATED PHOSPHOLIPASE 2A (pPLA-IIa), a maize MTL homolog, on the expression of genes that modulate pollen development and fertilization in Arabidopsis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that transcript levels of four pollen tube growth-related genes and six pollen guidance- or reception-related genes were increased in the
objective
of the present study was to evaluate three red maple cultivars namely, October glory, Autumn red, and Red sunset for their physiological and molecular response to drought stress. Saplings of three cultivars of red maple were subjected to drought stress (up to 28 days unirrigated) in the summer of 2018 and 2019, and leaf samples were used to quantify physiological, biochemical, and expression changes under stress. Decrement of chlorophyll content significantly correlated with the soil moisture content observed in all three genotypes subjected to drought stress. Significant variation in proline concentration, Malondialdehyde levels, and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at various stages of the experiments showed the ability of the maple plants to respond to drought stress. RT-qPCR analyses revealed higher and variable expression of drought-responsive genes
Citations
From an agricultural point of view, deep learning models can be used in a variety of way to study the agricultural properties of soybean. Object detection can be performed using image or video data on phenotypic traits of soybean. In this project, a study on the phenotype analysis about soybean seed was conducted by artificial intelligence (AI) based on the YOLOv5 model. In model summary, layers and parameters were calculated as 243 and 7020913, respectively. Means of average precision (mAP)@[0.5: 0.95] was recorded as 0.835, 0.739, 0.785 for each class, and Daewonkong (DW) with yellow seed coat color was calculated as the highest value, and landrace with black seed coat color (NG2) revealed the lowest value. As a result of prediction performance in the confusion matrix, each class of DW, NG2, and inbreeding line with green seed coat color (NGT) showed significant correlation of true positive (TP) in the matrix with the same output value for the input value.
Citations
First
Prev
