Field evaluation of 33 Bambara groundnut lines were carried out to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) result showed significant differences for 14 of the 17 agronomic traits studied. The results on the variance components revealed that phenotypic variance had values (vigour index 2.30, pod length 10.09, seed length 1.64) that were slightly higher than the respective genotypic variance (vigour index 1.68, pod length 9.88, seed length 0.26). Similarly, the values (number of branches 41.91, number of nodes 68.72, internode length 59.02) of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (number of branches 40.11, number of nodes 66.98, internode length 57.31), suggesting a substantial genetic variability that can serve as a base for Bambara groundnut improvement. High estimates of heritability were observed for most characters like number of branches (95.70%), number of nodes (97.46%), internode length (97.10%), pod length (97.91%), and seed length (93.79%). Likewise, genetic advance values for most traits were high, pod length (201), number of nodes (200), internode length (200), number of branches (197) and seed yield (195), implying that improvement of seed yield in Bambara groundnut can be achieved through direct selection.
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Salinity is a common and increasing problem in many coastal rice producing areas around the world. Salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage in rice is crucial as it determines grain yield. An F2 mapping population was developed from two modern rice cultivars contrasting in tolerance: NSIC Rc222 (a high-yielding salt-sensitive variety released in the Philippines) and BRRI dhan 47 (a salt-tolerant variety released in Bangaldesh). The performance of the F2 population showed transgressive segregation in the yield components under salinity stress of EC 10 dS/m under salinized field conditions. Ninety-six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using 96-plex FluidigmTM genotyping were used to construct a linkage map of 1306.2 cM (Kosambi), with an average interval size of 13.6 cM. Seven putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reproductive stage salinity tolerance traits having LOD values ranging from 2.9 to 4.1 were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 5 and 11, explaining 13.4 to 18.4% of the phenotypic variation. Results of this mapping study identified a genomic region on chromosome 2 that confers salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage as measured by the number of filled spikelets, percent filled spikelets and yield. This study reports the molecular mapping of QTLs controlling reproductive-stage salinity tolerance-related traits, which will be useful in marker-assisted selection and breeding population development in rice.
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In this study, we detected the morphological variation of 83
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Drought is one of the major abiotic factors that have a serious effect on the production of cereals crops including maize, which is grown widely in the world. Screening based on drought facilitates selection of inbred lines and an understanding of drought-tolerant traits. The effect of drought stress and rescue after stress on maize inbred lines was investigated in this study. Different plant growth attributes namely plant height, leaf area and weight, stem weight, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and total leaf chlorophyll content were measured. Six flint inbred lines (FLD 12, FLD 23, FLD 24, FLD 33, FLD 35, and FLD 37) were screened as drought-tolerant lines, whereas another six flint inbred lines (FLD 01, FLD 13, FLD 16, FLD 18, FLD 29, and FLD 31) were screened as drought susceptible lines. Growth attributes under different drought conditions were subjected to a correlation test and analysis of variance and showed highly significant relationships with each other. The drought effect differed with different inbred lines, indicating a wide variability of drought response at the early growth stage of maize plants. The results obtained from this study will be useful for selecting maize inbred lines in future breeding programs for enhancing drought tolerance.
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Spotted leaf mutants which produce necrotic lesions spontaneously are important sources to study programmed cell death in plant defense responses. A novel white-spotted leaf (
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It is essential to develop tomato (
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Flooding often occurs during the vegetative stage in freshwater swamps and rainfed lowlands, and therefore submergence tolerant rice varieties are needed. This study was aimed at evaluating rice lines to submergence stress. The experiments were conducted at Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) experimental station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java, each in different environmental conditions: (1) submergence condition, which was conducted in a submergence pool and (2) optimal condition, which was conducted in the irrigation field. Ninety-five lines and four check varieties, namely Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub1, IR42, Limboto, and IR20 were used. An augmented design with five blocks was followed in each environment. Three selection methods were used: (1) selection based on survival rate and vigor, (2) selection based on productivity under submergence and sensitivity index on productivity character, (3) selection based on the weighted selection index using sensitivity index variables of morphological and agronomic characters. The clustergram analysis with heatmaps method was used to compile of three previous selection methods to facilitate scientist in clarifying tolerant and sensitive lines. There were eighteen lines selected as tolerant to submergence stress, i.e., line no. 9, 15, 34, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 89, and 90. These lines are considered promising for breeding improved rice varieties tolerant to submergence.
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Buckwheat sprouts are used as a functional food in several countries owing to their soft and slightly crispy texture and attractive fragrance. They possess excellent anti-oxidant activity and are rich in amino acids, minerals, and flavonoids; however, sprout growth and flavonoid content may vary among buckwheat germplasms. The present study was performed to evaluate 87 common and 13 tartary buckwheat germplasms for sprout growth traits and rutin and quercetin content. We found that the common type buckwheat sprouts had considerably higher leaf length and width, fresh shoot weight, and extract weight than those of tartary buckwheat sprouts, but the rutin and quercetin content was significantly higher in tartary buckwheat sprouts. The rutin content ranged from 323.7 to 750.6 mg/ 100 g DW in common buckwheat sprouts and 2220 to 3185 mg/100 g DW in tartary buckwheat sprouts. Similarly, the quercetin content ranged from 0.27 to 1.82 and 4.76 to 30.41 mg/100 g DW in common and tartary buckwheat sprouts, respectively. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between the growth traits and rutin content in common buckwheat sprouts, whereas, the leaf length of tartary buckwheat sprouts showed a significant positive correlation with the rutin content. This information can be used by plant breeders and plant geneticists to study the genetic and genomic approaches for buckwheat breeding program.
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We have conducted this study to select soybeans adaptable to North Korea using growing degree days (GDD) as a heuristic tool. For analyzing climatic conditions, we assumed that climatic conditions of Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon are similar to the Eastern Coast Northern Zone, Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea, respectively. The predicted days to flowering of 100 soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon were in ranges from 7/17 to 7/30, from 7/16 to 7/28, and from 7/30 to 8/10, respectively, while the last date of flowering for completely harvesting were predicted by July 12th, August 2nd, and August 11th, respectively. The predicted days to flowering using GDD were almost similar to the days investigated in the three fields. These results showed that GDD is highly effective in predicting development rates of soybean, such as days to flowering and days to maturity. Although most of the tested soybeans were difficult to adapt to Longjing, we selected 12, 15, and 16 soybean varieties/lines based on the predicted days to flowering and last date of flowering for completely harvesting and yield of the soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang and Yeoncheon, respectively, for further analyzing effects of the regional characteristics on agricultural traits of the selected soybeans. The 100-seed weight and yield of the selected soybeans grown at Longjing was significantly low compared with those at the other locations. The results implied that the soybeans would be exposed to freezing temperature before R6 stage and the reduced size would contribute to soybean yield loss. Taken together, we concluded that Suwon212, Iksan13 and ‘Shinpaldalkong2’ which were stable in degree of lodging, 100-seed weight, and yield at Donggang and Yeoncheon could be adaptable to Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea.
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Chloroplasts are essential plant organelles that play important roles in photosynthesis and are involved in many fundamental metabolic pathways. Plastid ribosomal proteins are essential components of protein synthesis machinery and have diverse roles in plant growth and development during chloroplast differentiation. In this study, we isolated and characterized T-DNA-tagged rice mutant (
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We have developed a multi-layer pipeline that uses transcriptomic data to identify candidate genes associated with complex pathways in plants. We used this multi-layer approach, incorporating microarray, RNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein-protein interaction analyses, to identify 14 genes associated with drought tolerance in potato. We generated transgenic potato lines that over-express
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The yield related traits are controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and influenced by environmental change in rice. We analyzed QTLs for 15 yield related traits using two backcross populations, derived from crosses between IR64 as recurrent parent and Koshihikari as donor parent, through two years. A total of 67 backcross inbred lines (BILs) and 40 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) were genotyped using 183 SNP markers using a high-throughput genotyping system. Some genomic gaps between markers were identified in two populations. For fifteen traits in this study, 36 major QTLs (mQTLs) for 12 traits and 16 digenic epistatic QTLs (EpQTLs) for culm length were detected in BILs. On the other hand, 17 mQTLs were detected for nine traits in CSSLs. Among them, six mQTLs for grain yield traits were collocated on chromosome 10 in both years. For spikelet fertility, six putative QTLs were detected under high temperature conditions in 2018. The QTLs identified in this study could be used for the development of rice varieties conferring inter-subspecific combinations of yield-related traits.
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