Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn. is a highly demanded medicinal plant with many benefits. In vitro propagation through callus induction is an effective method for rapid multiplication in a short time. This research aimed to evaluate the effective concentration of Benzyl Amino Purine and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic acid on callus induction and organogenesis for in vitro propagation and secondary metabolite production of E. horsfieldii. The design used in this research was a Complete Randomized Design in 2 factors: Benzyl Amino Purine and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic acid with 5 levels for each concentration. Parameters observed are the percentage of inducted calluses, callus appearance time, the weight of fresh calluses, the weight of dry calluses, the texture of callus, the color of callus, percentage of the formed shoot, shoot appearance time, the height of shoots, the number of leaves, flavonoid compounds of callus, and bioactive compounds. The result showed that the single treatment of Benzyl Amino Purine and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic was significantly affecting the shoots forming. The concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic 0 ppm gave the highest average plantlet height by 2.67 cm, increasing the number of shoots by 2.00, and the number of leaves by 5.60. E. horsfieldii cultured in vitro without additional growth regulators had a higher flavonoid content.

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• Preserving Nature’s Treasure: A Journey into the In Vitro Conservation and Micropropagation of the Endangered Medicinal Marvel—Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
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  Horticulturae.2024; 10(8): 809.     CrossRef

Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) as an herbaceous plant, is wildly recognized for its benefits as a medicinal plant. Phytochemical compounds which are contained in leaves, roots, and flowers of crown flower can be used as medicines. However, crown flower in Indonesia is still not optimal in their utilization. The study aimed to obtain the right concentration of growth regulators Benzyl Amino Purine and Indole Butyric Acid to stimulate optimal growth and secondary metabolites of crown flower. The study used a Completely Randomized Design arranged in a factorial design. The first factor was Benzyl Amino Purine and the second was Indole Butyric Acid. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance with a 5% level test. The interaction of Benzyl Amino Purine and Indole Butyric Acid significantly increased the number of leaves and shoot emergence time. However, medium without Benzyl Amino Purine improved the percentage of root emergence by 100%, the number of roots by 17.2 roots, and plantlet height by 7.45 cm. Optimal concentration was obtained in 3 ppm Benzyl Amino Purine, which produced the high shoot and emergence time, as well as the number of shoots and leaves. Higher flavonoid contents were contained in cultured plants than in conventional cultivation. Optimal growth and phytochemical content give an opportunity to increase the production and the use of crown flower as medicinal plant.

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• An update on biotechnological intervention mediated by plant tissue culture to boost secondary metabolite production in medicinal and aromatic plants
  Shera Pandit Prashant, Mishra Bhawana
  Physiologia Plantarum.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Establishment and Validation of a Robust Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Calotropis gigantea in Bulk Material and Marketed Product
  Akshata P. Hebballi, Basavaraja Pujar, Suresh S. Honnalli, Sushmita I. Hiremath, Akshata Menasinakai, Akash Bakale, Sahil Nadaf, Ashika M.V., Sanjana Vadavalli
  Current Pharmaceutical Analysis.2024; 20(8): 920.     CrossRef

Metabolite profile is a powerful analytical technique to identify the functional characterization of plants. In this study, the phytochemicals and secondary metabolites of lentils (Lens culinaris) were analyzed to compare the anti-oxidative activities according to the different colors. The polar metabolites, fatty acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic acids, DPPH activity were analyzed. Three kind of lentils, French green whole lentil (FG), red whole lentil (LR), and green whole lentil (LG) (ASIA SEED Co., LTD), were used for this study. Fatty acids, phytochemicals, and antioxidative components from each lentil varieties were analyzed by official methods. The contents of lutein in carotenoids were 6–9 times higher than zeaxanthin in all lentils, but were not significantly different among three varieties. The content of carotenoids in FG was lower significantly than those in the LR and LG. Myricetin and luteolin were detected in the only FG. Kaempferol and delphinidin were significantly highest in the FG. Most of the phenolic acids except coumarate were higher in FG and LG than in LR. Also antioxidant effects (EC₅₀) were higher in FG and LG than in LR. The analyzed metabolites obtained from lentils showed distinct separation in the PCA results according to the varieties. Also, lentils showed different anti-oxidant profiles according to the colors. FG and LG showing higher contents of phytochemicals showed higher antioxidative activity than LG containing relative low contents of phytochemicals.

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• Evaluating polyphenol profile and antioxidant activity in relation to seed morphology in a collection of red lentils
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  Food Bioscience.2023; 54: 102887.     CrossRef
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an excellent source of vitamins A and C and of flavonoid compounds, which are important antioxidant components believed to reduce the risk of various diseases. We investigated the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content in eggplant leaves and fruits to identify genetic resources with high antioxidant capacity for use in food or as feed additives, and also determined the influence of days to flowering, leaf blade colors, and latitudes of origin on the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content in eggplant leaves. The accessions originating from 45°N showed the highest flavonoid contents (AVG. = 15.4 μg mg⁻¹) followed by accessions from 30°~45°N (AVG. = 13.0 μg mg⁻¹), 15°~30°N (AVG. = 11.0 μg mg⁻¹), and 0°~15°N (AVG. = 9.5 μg mg⁻¹). The same pattern was also found in 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) antioxidant activities. High ABTS and DPPH activity and flavonoid content were found in the early-flowering accessions. All flavonoids of the greenish violet leaves were significantly higher than those of green leaves. The flavonoid concentration in eggplant leaves was 10 to 20 fold greater, at an average of 15.6 μg mg⁻¹, than that of the fruit (AVG. = 0.9 μg mg⁻¹). Taken together, eggplant leaves represent a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their high flavonoid content.

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• Valorization of Solanum melongena L. crop by-products: Phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties
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