Salinity is the most significant constraint to wheat cultivation in the salinity-affected areas. Saline-prone soils can be brought under cultivation by the development of salt-tolerant lines through molecular breeding aided by diversity analysis and molecular screening. The study aimed to screen for salinity tolerance and elucidate the extent of diversity among 75 wheat varieties and accessions. This molecular analysis and detection used 21 linked SSR markers. The study identified 202 alleles in 75 genotypes of wheat, giving 9.6 alleles on an average for salt tolerance screening. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.7599 and the Nei’s (1973) gene diversity of 0.7856 were recorded. The accessions possess higher gene diversity and PIC than the cultivars. The average genetic similarity matrix coefficient was 0.60 within the range of 0.19 and 1.00. Similarity indices based UPGMA cluster analysis separated the 75 germplasm into six clusters. Eight genotypes grouped in sub-cluster Ib together with the positive control BINA Gom-1. Therefore, these eight genotypes were identified as potential salt-tolerant by molecular analysis using SSR markers linked to salinity. The gene diversity estimated, and the germplasm identified as potential salt-tolerant are promising for use in wheat breeding to incorporate salt tolerance in novel cultivars by marker-assisted breeding.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variation for 75 accessions of common millet collected from Korea, Japan, and China. Genetic diversity analysis was performed on 75 accessions from Korea, Japan, and China using 9 SSR primers. A total of 30 alleles was identified with an average of 3.33 alleles per locus. The GD values measured in these groups ranged from 0.127 to 0.377 with an average of 0.266. The PIC values ranged from 0.124-0.347 with an average of 0.245. The Chinese common millet accessions showed higher genetic diversity than the Korean and Japanese accessions. From the analysis of population structure using the software program STRUCTURE 2.2, the 75 common millet accessions divided into two groups because the highest value of ΔK values was revealed for K = 2. Group I included 40 Korean accessions, and Group II included 14 Korean accessions, 12 Japanese accessions, and 9 Chinese accessions. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree revealed that the 75 common millet accessions were clustered into three major groups. The clustering patterns did not permit any clear distinction of the accessions of common millet collected in East Asia. The results of genetic diversity, genetic relationships, and population structure in the 75 common millet accessions from Korea, Japan, and China identified in this study will provide useful information for the development of common millet breeding lines and breeding programs and also genetic resource conservation strategies in Korea.

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