Milk thistle (
Adzuki bean (
Soybean [
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The number of four-seeded pods is a plant trait that is of great interest in terms of increasing soybean production. The
objective
of this study was to understand the agronomic characteristics of four-seeded pods of FS1159, which contain a significantly higher ratio of four-seeded pods than do other genotypes. FS1159 showed a significantly lower ratio of one- and two-seeded pods and a significantly higher ratio of three- (39.6%) and four- (11.3%) seeded pods than did the four check soybeans. The average values of the traits of FS1159 in this study were: plant height, 58.1 cm; the number of nodes, 15.7; the number of branches, 6.5; and 100-seed weight, 20.3 g. These results indicate that FS1159 can be used as a new genetic resource to explore the traits of four-seeded-pod and improve the soybean yield.
Germplasm screening is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Therefore, it is important to develop the most effective selection method for plant breeding and genetic studies. Herein, experiments were conducted to determine the optimal growth stage and application dose of bentazone based on the response of soybeans. The influence of soybean accessions, application doses (0X, 1X and 2X), and growth stages (VC, V1, V2) on plant injury and growth performance was examined. Leaf injury and growth performance were significantly influenced by accession, dose, and growth stage. There was a substantial difference of 2%-3% and 23%-31% in leaf necrosis between the tolerant and susceptible groups, respectively. The mean leaf necrosis and visual scores for the VC, V1, and V2 stages showed a similar pattern, with a non-significant difference. The effect of accessions on plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight reduction had no significant difference in all growth stages. No significant differences in necrosis were found in the tolerant accessions across bentazone doses, while significant differences were found in the susceptible accessions. The leaf necrosis from 2X bentazone was almost double that of 1X treatment. However, there was no difference in visual scores between the 1X and 2X doses. In addition, the visual scores showed no difference between the 1X and 2X doses within the growth stages. The application of 1X dose bentazone at the V1 stage is suitable to determine tolerant and susceptible soybeans. This result can help determine the genotypes for breeding and genetic studies.
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Soybean [
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The soybean [
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Seed starch content (SSC) is a decisive factor influencing soy food quality. Variation in SSC affects the composition of major components, oil, and protein in soybean seeds. Therefore, understanding G × E interaction of SSC is important to produce soybeans with stable SSC. In the present study, G × E interactions of 17 soybean genotypes having different SSC (0.24–1.48%) and correlation of SSC with crude protein (CP) and crude fat (CF) were investigated. The genotypes were evaluated for SSC and other traits at two planting dates across three locations over two years (2015 and 2016). The genotype × year, genotype × location, and genotype × year × location interactions were found to be significant (
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Kazakhstan is an agrarian country with 270 million hectares utilized for animal and crop production. The foremost
objective
of the state agriculture programs in Kazakhstan is to achieve food security of country on the basis of competitive crop production. Demand for soybean as an oil crop and animal feed is steadily growing in Kazakhstan and hence soybeans can be a great attribute for food security in this region. Currently, over 90% of all soybean production is concentrated in one region (Almaty) because the crop is highly sensitive to photoperiod and temperature. The climatological conditions in majority of the region pose difficulties in growing the soybeans. In this review, we discussed the impact of the geographical and environmental conditions in enhancing the soybean cultivation in different parts of Kazakhstan. Additionally, we have taken an account of current status of soybean production and the barriers that may have great influence on the soybean yield. Because soybean is a short-day plant, the main role in its adaptation to areas in Kazakhstan is played by its
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First pod height (FPH) is an agronomic trait for the mechanical harvesting of soybeans with combines. The seed loss could be minimized, if the FPH is higher than the height of the cutter bar in combines. Hence, developing soybeans with high FPH has become one of important breeding goals in current crop improvement programs. The
objective
of this study was to evaluate genetic and environmental variation of FPH in soybean and to analyze the effect of ratio of FPH to plant height (PH) on seed yield. Four genotypes were evaluated across six different environments to analyze environmental variation of agronomic traits including FPH. Three F2 populations were evaluated to analyze genetic variation and relationship between the ratio of FPH to PH and seed yield. The main effects of planting distance, genotype and seeding date were significant for FPH, but FPH is affected more by genetic factors than by environmental factors. The mean heritability value of FPH was 66% across three F2 populations. Seed yield was found to reduce with increase in the FPH/PH ratio. In conclusion, genetic factors have effect more than environments to the variation of FPH. While FPH is higher than cutting height, the smaller ratio can minimize seed yield decrease.
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Soybean cyst [SCN,
objective
of this research was to evaluate these germplasm accessions for resistance to RKN and RN. The evaluation for RKN resistance was conducted in RKN infested field plantings after potatoes near Charleston, MO in 2006 and 2007. The evaluation for RN resistance was performed in a greenhouse at Fayetteville, AR, in 2007. Out of these accessions, 64 PIs were identified with high or moderate resistance to RKN. Of these 64 lines, 24 accessions showed good resistance to both RKN and RN. These new sources of resistance to multiple nematodes will be valuable materials for soybean breeding programs to develop new resistant cultivars that can overcome yield losses caused by one or more of these nematode species.
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Soybeans have a long history as a nutritious hay and silage crop. Early research extensively investigated forage yield, adaptability to various maturity zones, and nutritional values. Evaluation and breeding with diverse soybean accessions continued to optimize soybean forage yield and quality. There is still interest by breeders in developing more desirable forage soybeans, depending on market demand, and the existing interests of crop and livestock producers. In this review, we provide an update compiled from recent publications on the use and development of soybean as a forage crop.
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Wild soybeans (
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