Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the queen of oil seed crops and is cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical areas. The availability of the sesame genome sequence presents unprecedented opportunities for studying its genetics, genomics, and evolution. In this report, we conducted a genome resequencing-based identification of sesame orthologs; in total, 26,379 coding sequences (CDSs) were isolated. Using a reciprocal best hit, we ultimately identified a total of 639 orthologs sets after one-to-one orthologs extraction across seven Pentapetalae plant species. These orthologs were considered to be the most credible between the two species, and in sesame. Furthermore, we performed a branch model-based maximum likelihood estimation of dN/dS of the orthologs, resulting in the identification of 198 evolutionarily accelerated orthologs and 66 positively selected genes (P-value and FDR < 0.05). An enrichment analysis and protein interaction network suggested 19 genes with important functions of the orthologs specific in sesame development and domestication. The method we used here provides a case study for identifying orthologous genes between sesame and other plants species that are distributed in equilibrium phylogenetically, which can be used in other plants.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oil seed crop that has been referred to as the ‘queen of oilseeds’ by virtue of its high quality oil. Fourteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to differentiate 70 sesame (Sesame indicum L) accessions. Forty-three of the accessions were from Korea and 27 were from China. An initial round of analysis using two SSR markers (GBssr-sa-005 and GBssr-sa-182) identified 21 distinct accessions. A second round of analysis using one additional SSR marker (GBssr-sa-108) identified 25 more distinct accessions. Addition of a fourth SSR marker (GBssr-sa-184) for a third round of analysis identified an additional 20 accessions. This study demonstrates differentiation between 43 accessions from Korea and 23 accessions from China by four SSR markers.

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