Perilla frutescens is a traditionally cultivated crop in East Asia that exhibits significant morphological variation between its two main variants: var. frutescens and var. crispa. To investigate the genetic basis of trait variation and segregation, we developed an F2 population from a cross between weedy accessions of the two variants of Perilla and analyzed 107 individuals. Four qualitative and nine quantitative traits were evaluated, including leaf color, stem color, flower color, days to flowering, plant height, and leaf area. The F2 population showed wide phenotypic variation. In the chi-square test for four qualitative traits, two traits (color of leaf reverse side, color of flower) followed a Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:2:1. Heritability analysis revealed high values for days to flowering and leaf width. In contrast, traits such as number of florets and leaf length exhibited lower heritability, indicating a more substantial influence of environmental factors. Hierarchical clustering analysis grouped the parental lines into distinct clusters, revealing a diverse distribution of F2 individuals across multiple groups. Some individuals closely resembled one of the parents, while others formed novel clusters, reflecting recombination and the emergence of new trait combinations. These findings underscore the genetic complexity underlying morphological traits in Perilla and highlight the potential of weedy accessions as valuable resources for breeding. The foundation established by this study will aid in developing new cultivars with desirable traits.
In this study, in order to understand the differentiation process of Perilla crop and related weedy types collected from South Korea, morphological variation between accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and related weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa was investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) using morphological characteristics, especially including seed traits such as seed size, seed hardness, seed color and seed germination rate. The first and second principal components accounted for 54.1% and 17.9% of the total variance, respectively. In the PCA analysis, most of the qualitative and quantitative traits contributed significantly to the positive or negative direction on the first axis. Thus, the first axis could be used mainly to distinguish between accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and weedy var. frutescens, and also between accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and weedy var. crispa. However, for several accessions it was not possible to discriminate clearly between accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and also between accessions of the two weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa. The results of the PCA analysis are thought to provide useful information for understanding the cultivation process of Perilla crop and the differentiation process of Perilla crop and related weedy types. Also, this study demonstrates the efficacy and utility of PCA analysis using morphological traits, including seed traits such as seed size, seed hardness, seed color and seed germination rate, in the study of morphological variation of Perilla crop and related weedy types.
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Determination of Production Year Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis from FTIR Spectrum Data of Perilla Leaves Hye-Young Seo, Eun Ji Suh, Eun Bin Choi, Mi Ja Lee, Han Gyeol Lee, Woo Duck Seo, Jung In Kim, Seung-Yeob Song Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(1): 11. CrossRef
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In this study, we detected the morphological variation of 83 Perilla accessions from Korea and China by observing the measurements of seven quantitative and eight qualitative characters. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens from Southern China showed higher plant height than accessions from Korea and Northern China. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens from Southern China have a relatively late flowering time, while there were three types of accessions for cultivated var. frutescens from Korea and Northern China: early-maturity, middle-maturity, and late-maturity. These results indicate that latitude with geographical distribution may be an essential factor affecting the flowering time in Perilla species in East Asia. In principal components analyses (PCAs), four quantitative traits and five qualitative characters contributed in the positive direction on the first axis. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens were clearly separated from accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa in the PCAs, while the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa revealed no separation. In addition, most accessions of weedy type of var. frutescens were not clearly separated with the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa. In this study, we have provided the information regarding the morphological variation of accessions of two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types from Korea and China. The findings provide further insight into the morphological variations and differentiation of Perilla accessions with different geographical distributions in Korea and China.
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In order to understand the genetic variation of the cultivated and weedy types of Perilla crop in Jeju Island of Korea, this study has conducted a field expedition for collecting Perilla germplasm in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Cultivated Perilla crop was almost not cultivated throughout the island, whereas weedy types of both varieties (var.) of frutescens and crispa were often found in roadsides, around a creek, in wastelands, and in areas around a farmer’s fields. The total number of collection was 94 accessions. The seed colors of cultivated var. frutescens were white and brown, while the weedy var. frutescens were gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy var. crispa exhibited gray and dark brown seed colors. The most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa revealed hard seeds, except one accession of cultivated var. frutescens which had soft seeds. A total of 17 simple sequence repeat loci showed polymorphism, producing a total of 149 alleles among the 85 Perilla accessions collected from Jeju Island. The average gene diversity for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, and weedy var. crispa respectively showed 0.346, 0.649, and 0.463. The accessions of weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa comparatively exhibited higher genetic diversity than those of cultivated var. frutescens. The accessions collected would be useful for preserving the genetic diversity of this crop for further breeding programs of the Perilla crop in Korea.
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