Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) is a nutrient-rich tropical legume with considerable potential to improve food security in tropical regions. However, breeding programs for purple-podded winged bean remain limited due to insufficient information on key genetic parameters. This study aimed to assess heritability, expected genetic gain, trait correlations, and path analysis in advanced purple-podded winged bean lines. Ten breeding lines derived from crosses of Indonesian landraces were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Traits observed included days to flowering, days to harvest, fruit set, pod width, pod length, pod weight, pod weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, and yield potential. The results revealed high broad-sense heritability (>0.5) for all traits, with the highest values observed for pod length (0.96), pod width (0.95), and fruit set (0.90). Expected genetic gain was highest for fruit set (35.20%), pod weight per plant (34.44%), and yield potential (34.44%). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between days to flowering and days to harvest (r = 0.90), while yield potential showed a perfect correlation with pod weight per plant (r = 1.00). Path analysis revealed positive direct effects of fruit set (0.478) and pod weight (0.310) on pod weight per plant, whereas number of seeds per pod had a negative direct effect (-0.429). Genotypes MNN 1122 and PLB 2324 exhibited the highest yield potentials (8.58 and 7.63 t ha^-1, respectively). These findings provide important genetic insights for the development of high-yielding purple-podded winged bean varieties.

Eight rice genotypes, including Binam, Hashemi, Deylamani, TH1, Hasani, Saleh, IR75479-199-3-3, and Gohar, were crossed in a line tester mating design to generate breeding populations, assess the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) and identify suitable combinations for yield. 23 genotypes (15 F1s and eight parents) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran during the 2020 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotype effects and GCA and SCA mean square values for all the investigated traits, which indicated the genetic diversity of the parental genotypes and the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of the studied traits. Results indicated that additive gene action controlled plant height. Meanwhile, non-additive gene action controlled panicle length, number of panicles per plant, heading date, hundred-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. Effects of general combining ability were significant for the panicle length, the number of panicles per plant, heading date, hundred-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and plant height in all testers. Hasani and Saleh's genotypes demonstrated to be good general combiners for early maturity. Gohar was the best specific combiner to enhance yield components. Hashemi×Gohar was identified as the best combination for improving grain yield and reducing the number of days to heading. The predominance of non-additive types of gene actions related to grain yield and its components suggested that selecting the best plants should be postponed to advanced generation.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important commodity with a major influence on the country's economy. Plant breeding activities must be conducted to develop high-yielding potential genotypes with desired agronomic traits. The purpose of this research is to study the heritability and coheritability of agronomic traits as well as to study the direct and indirect effects through genotypic and phenotypic correlations among agronomic traits contributing to yield on genotypes of rice. The research was carried out from March to July 2022 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jatimulyo, Lowokwaru, Malang, East Java. Ten genotypes of rice were used as genetic materials. The research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with 3 replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and path analysis. The results revealed that there were very significant differences among upland rice genotypes for all observed traits. All observed agronomic traits had high heritability estimates. Plant height with time of inflorescence emergence had the highest coheritability, and flag leaf length with yield per plot had the lowest coheritability. The traits of the number of spikelets per panicle and weight of milled dry grains positively correlated with yield. Weight of milled dry grains had the highest positive direct effect through genotypic correlation and phenotypic correlation with yield.

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Faba bean is amongst the most important food legumes in the world. Ninety landraces and six released faba bean accessions were evaluated for variability parameters, correlation, and path coefficients for nineteen traits at two locations over two years. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) to very high significant differences (P < 0.001) among accessions for all traits considered in all environments except for leaf width, days to flowering, number of seeds per pod, and seed filling period which were non-significant at Girar Jerso in 2018 and number of branches per plant was also non-significant at Degem in 2018. In this study phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, and broad-sense heritability also revealed medium to high values for most traits. Genetic gains expected from selecting the top 5% of the genotypes, as a percent of the mean varied from 0.49% to 145.83%. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for most of the traits, indicating an improvement in these traits through simple selection. Path coefficient analysis indicated, traits that had a positive direct effect and correlation with grain yield, could be used as a reliable indicator in indirect selection for higher grain yield.

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Short duration oilseed Brassica varieties are important to increase cropping intensity as well as total oilseed production. In this research, genetic and multivariate analyses were conducted for 19 morphological characters of 48 rapeseed and mustard genotypes. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid profiles were done for ten selected rapeseed and mustard genotypes. Significant genotypic variations were observed for all morphological characters except 1000 seeds weight. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, total number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua and days to maturity exhibited high broad sense heritability along with high genetic advance. Length of primary branches, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, total number of siliqua per plant, number of siliqua per main axis and number of siliqua per primary branches had a significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis, BARI Sarisha-9, BD-110455, BD-7113, BD-6954 and BD-6953 were the earliest genotypes and BD-10112, M-395 and M-119-5 were comparatively high yielding genotypes. The genotypes BD-6953, BD-6954, BD-10455, BD-10112 and BD-7113 had comparatively lower erucic acid and saturated fatty acid profiles that are regarded as better edible oil characteristics. The selected genotypes and associated traits could be utilized for developing short duration, high yielding and edible quality rapeseed-mustard varieties.

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Field evaluation of 33 Bambara groundnut lines were carried out to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) result showed significant differences for 14 of the 17 agronomic traits studied. The results on the variance components revealed that phenotypic variance had values (vigour index 2.30, pod length 10.09, seed length 1.64) that were slightly higher than the respective genotypic variance (vigour index 1.68, pod length 9.88, seed length 0.26). Similarly, the values (number of branches 41.91, number of nodes 68.72, internode length 59.02) of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (number of branches 40.11, number of nodes 66.98, internode length 57.31), suggesting a substantial genetic variability that can serve as a base for Bambara groundnut improvement. High estimates of heritability were observed for most characters like number of branches (95.70%), number of nodes (97.46%), internode length (97.10%), pod length (97.91%), and seed length (93.79%). Likewise, genetic advance values for most traits were high, pod length (201), number of nodes (200), internode length (200), number of branches (197) and seed yield (195), implying that improvement of seed yield in Bambara groundnut can be achieved through direct selection.

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• Hereditary analysis and genotype × environment interaction effects on growth and yield components of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) over multi-environments
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  Razlin Azman Halimi, Carolyn A. Raymond, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Sean Mayes, Graham J. King
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• Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.}
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variation among twenty-one fluted pumpkin genotypes for seedling traits. The seeds of the fluted pumpkin were germinated in nursery bags filled with saw dust at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between July and August, 2013. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Characters evaluated were emergence percentage (E%), emergence index, emergence index rate, vine length (cm), leaf area (cm²), number of leaves, shoot dry weight (g), and seedling vigour index (SVI). Significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed among the fluted pumpkin genotypes for the evaluated characters. High E% was observed for genotypes Ftn45 (94.80%), Ftn43 (93.30%), Ftn57 (93.30%), Fte41 (90.0%), Ftn61 (86.70%), and Ftm11 (83.30%). Also, these genotypes had above average values for SVI. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for leaf area (75.44%) and dry shoot weight (55.85%), respectively while heritability estimates above 50% was observed for leaf area (82.0%), dry weight (77.78%), E% (70.84%), and SVI (51.98%). The genetic advance was high for E% (38.37), SVI (38.09), and leaf area. SVI, E%, vine length, and leaf area had significant positive correlation with most of the traits therefore, they can be used as selection criteria in fluted pumpkin. Therefore, genetic improvement of early seedling can be used for selection programme in fluted pumpkin.

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  Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo, Adedotun Daniel Adewumi, Paul Chiedozie Ukachukwu, Mayowa Segun Oladipo
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Indian spinach (Basella spp. L.) is an underutilized and underexploited indigenous leafy vegetable which has high nutritional and medicinal value and extensively used in the sub-continent. Landrace germplasm is endowed with rich genetic variability for various yield and quality traits. A total of six accessions collected through an exploration during 2010 were pre-bred by selfing during the October–January cropping season in 2011. These landraces were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications in June–September, 2012 at Vegetable Research Station, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar to assess the genetic diversity, variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and its components in the material. Multivariate analysis following Ward’s minimum variance-method revealed distinct clustering pattern. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all genotypes for all the studied traits indicating considerable variability among ecotypes for most of the measured parameters. There was significant variability for genetic potential of all genotypes for different traits under study. The highest variability at genotypic level was observed for stalk yield (73.95%) followed by leaf-stalk ratio (46.70%) and weight of tender shoot (41.25%). Low to high estimates of broad sense heritability were found in different traits. High estimates of heritability (>60%) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (>20%) for petiole length, internodal length, weight of tender shoot, stalk yield, leaf-stalk ratio and harvest index revealed that most likely the heritability is due to additive gene effects and selection may be effective.

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The
objective
s of the study were to investigate the genetic behavior of some biological and economical traits of 14 okra populations collected from Dakahlia Governorate, which underwent two cycles of inbreeding with selection. Selection of individual plants based on earliness, high number of pods, and minimum neck/pod ratio was carried out in all generations. The results showed that the means and ranges of all studied traits for all families became smaller in the S₂ generation than those in the S₀ generation. Highly significant variations were observed among populations for all the studied traits. The mean performance clearly indicated the agronomic superiority of some families over the others. Family 9 followed by family 12 showed the earliest flowering plants and the highest yield per plant. Phenotypic variances were higher than the corresponding genotypic variances indicating predominance of environmental effects on the expression of these characters. The magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation varied from one trait to another. High broad-sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were shown by the different traits, especially, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, neck/pod ratio and plant yield. This implicates that these traits were under the control of additive genetic effects, and could be effectively improved through selection. Plant yield had positive and highly significant correlation at genotypic and phenotypic level with number of pods per plant, plant height and neck/pod ratio.

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  Aya Abd Elshafy, Mohamed Abou-Ellail, Magdi El-Sayed
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Quantitative genetic parameters were estimated for three characters that are important to timber production and survival of Peronema canescens planted in West Java and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Significant clonal variation was detected for tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival rate among 150 clones of P. canescens by age of four years. Clonal survival rates were, on average, 47.8 % in West Java and 29.2 % in Central Kalimantan. The averages of tree height and DBH in Central Kalimantan were higher than those in West Java (4.71 m vs. 1.30 m in height and 8.73 cm vs. 1.72 cm in DBH). Tree height growth was significantly correlated with DBH growth whereas rank correlation of growth trait between sites was weak and non-significant. Highly significant differences in height, DBH growth and survival were observed among sites and between clones. The broad sense heritability was estimated separately in each site which was shown to be under moderate genetic control. Expected genetic response was estimated as a percentage of test mean in tree height and DBH growth after one generation of selection. The genetic response for tree height was expected to be 11.5 % in Java and 12.8 % in Kalimantan when the best 50% of superior clones were selected and used in a planting program. This result suggests that genetic improvement of growth traits through clone selection in P. canescens would be possible. The genetic gain could result in substantial returns if a large planting program would be developed.

Citations

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