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Research Article

Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)

Olawale Mashood Aliyu1,2,*, Bukola Oluwaseun Makinde1
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2016;4(2):252-261.
Published online: May 31, 2016

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*Corresponding author: Olawale Mashood Aliyu, walealiyu@mail.com, Tel: +234-8039548344, Fax: +234-8039548344
• Received: April 15, 2016   • Revised: April 29, 2016   • Accepted: May 3, 2016

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2016;4(2):252-261.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2016.4.2.252
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Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2016;4(2):252-261.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2016.4.2.252
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Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)

Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) of 10 yield component characters from 21 cowpea varieties across 2 years.

Source of variation Degree of freedom DTFz) DTM PEP PPE POL POP SPO HSW SPP GYH
Replication 2 0.45ns 1.60ns 2.89ns 0.38ns 0.42ns 8.17ns 0.10 0.17ns 1,611.84ns 258,643.56ns
Variety 20 201.07*** 340.39*** 156.66*** 7.48*** 53.71*** 495.92*** 81.46*** 52.27*** 149,185.47*** 17,905,786.11***
Year 1 99.56*** 7.14ns 7.62ns 0.00ns 1.65ns 114.29*** 11.52ns 12.81*** 57,173.46*** 9,400,369.85***
Variety×year 20 9.66** 28.39*** 4.48ns 0.15ns 2.26ns 27.29*** 3.95ns 2.33*** 8,204.56** 931,510.74**
Error 82 3.01 4.79 2.95 0.26 1.67 8.21 4.29 0.10 3,785.12 419,993.68
Grand mean 53.9 69.6 15.2 3.2 15.7 24.6 15.4 18.5 378.1 3,917.6
Range 41.0–70.0 55.0–90.0 7.0–29.0 1.0–6.0 9.9–24.3 6.0–52.0 7.0–28.0 11.2–26.6 54.0–832.0 526.5–7,645.1
Standard deviation 6.0 7.9 5.3 1.2 3.2 9.5 4.1 3.0 167.8 1,835.4
Coefficient of variation (%) 11.2 11.3 34.7 37.1 20.0 38.6 26.5 16.1 44.4 46.9

*, **, ***Significant at P<0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 respectively.

z)DTF: days to flowering, DTM: days to pod maturity, PEP: peduncles per plant, PPE: pods per peduncle, POL: pod length (cm), POP: pods per plant, SPO: seeds per pod, HSW:100-seed weight (g), SPP: seeds per plant, GYH: grain-seed yield per hectare (kg), ns: not significant.

Mean values for yield components and grain yield characters of 21 cowpea varieties evaluated for 2 years.

Year/variety DTF DTM PEP PPE POL POP SPO HSW SPP GYH
2013 53.0b 69.3a 15.5a 3.2a 16.0a 25.6a 15.7a 18.8a 399.4a 4,190.7a
2014 54.8a 69.8a 15.0a 3.2a 15.8a 23.7b 15.1a 18.2b 356.8b 3,644.5b
IT04K-227-4 46.0h 64.3f 9.0j 1.3j 10.9h 8.0m 9.2j 18.1h 74.0g 744.1f
IT07K-243-1-2 43.7i 63.7g 15.8d 4.5b 17.9c 28.5e 16.7c 18.1h 476.8c 4,796.4b
IT07K-291-92 58.2c 72.8b 10.0h 2.5f 15.4d 32.8c 14.0f 13.7m 119.5g 903.4f
IT07K-299-6z) 52.2f 66.5e 23.0b 5.2a 18.1c 8.5m 17.9b 19.7g 583.7b 6,389.2a
IT07K-303-1 59.7b 72.7b 19.3c 3.9c 15.1d 28.8e 13.5f 20.7d 390.5d 4,506.0b
IT08K-125-100 58.5c 72.2b 9.2i 2.3g 14.1d 23.5g 13.3f 17.9h 313.5e 3,136.7c
IT08K-125-107 51.0g 66.7e 13.8d 2.5f 13.6e 27.3e 11.8h 18.2h 324.7d 3,275.3c
IT08K-126-19 60.8b 72.5b 19.0c 3.6c 13.6e 30.3d 11.0i 20.6d 329.2d 3,754.1c
IT08K-150-12 64.5a 88.0a 11.3g 2.7e 21.4a 19.3i 13.2f 24.9a 256.8f 3,552.9c
IT08K-150-24z) 53.5f 69.5c 14.3d 3.2d 13.7e 25.8f 20.0b 18.2h 517.3b 5,159.0b
IT08K-180-11 59.0b 71.5b 12.8e 2.7e 12.1g 22.7g 13.0g 20.4e 296.3f 3,342.5c
IT09K-231-1 56.0e 67.0d 9.8h 1.9h 15.6d 17.5k 23.0a 14.3l 401.7d 3,216.4c
IT10K-815-5z) 57.7d 69.1c 17.8c 3.9c 15.5d 37.3b 14.3e 21.4c 536.3b 6,385.0a
IT10K-817-7z) 60.3b 69.6c 23.0b 4.8a 13.1f 34.0c 15.2d 22.8b 522.5b 6,187.9a
IT10K-827-11 45.0h 59.2h 15.2d 3.1d 12.3g 25.7f 12.3h 17.8h 316.3e 3,131.6c
IT10K-832-3 52.7f 65.8e 12.7e 2.8e 15.7d 16.0k 18.2b 16.7j 287.3f 2,669.9d
IT10K-836-4 52.0f 72.3b 13.7d 2.9e 17.7c 21.5h 12.3h 20.1f 264.2f 2,949.9c
IT10K-837-1y) 45.5h 58.2h 22.0b 4.5b 17.6c 32.3c 15.8c 21.0d 511.3b 5,969.0a
IT10K-843 52.0f 68.0d 11.7f 2.7e 18.6b 18.7j 17.9b 17.2i 334.0d 3,204.3c
IT10K-866-1 52.3f 87.3a 10.3h 1.3j 19.8b 14.7j 22.8a 12.3n 320.7d 2,260.6e
IT11K-61-82x) 50.5g 60.3h 26.0a 4.6a 21.5a 43.7a 17.3c 16.0k 755.0a 6,735.7a

Mean values with the same letters in a column (for year or variety) as not significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test.

z)Combining high yield with medium maturity and large seed.

y)Combining high yield with early maturity and large seed.

x)Combining high yield with earl maturity and medium seed.

DTF: days to flowering, DTM: days to pod maturity, PEP: peduncles per plant, PPE: pods per peduncle, POL: pod length (cm), POP: pods per plant, SPO: seeds per pod, HSW: 100-seed weight (g), SPP: seeds per plant, GYH: grain-seed yield per hectare (kg).

Genetic correlation coefficients analysis of 10 seed yield and yield components in cowpea.

Characteristic Days to flowering Days to maturity Peduncles per plant Pods per peduncle Pod length (cm) Pods per plant Seeds per pod Hundred seed weight Seeds per plant Grain yield per hectare (kg)
Days to flowering 1.00
Days to maturity 0.63** 1.00
Peduncles per plant −0.07ns −0.36** 1.00
Pods per peduncle −0.05ns −0.34** 0.80** 1.00
Pod length (cm) −0.00ns 0.25** 0.17ns 0.18* 1.00
Pods per plant −0.01ns −0.30** 0.80** 0.73** 0.18* 1.00
Seeds per pod −0.07ns 0.10ns 0.00ns −0.02ns 0.37** −0.01 1.00
Hundred seed weight 0.29** 0.09ns 0.33** 0.42** −0.06ns 0.37** −0.44** 1.00
Seeds per plant −0.09ns −0.27** 0.71** 0.65** 0.34** 0.86** 0.46** 0.11ns 1.00
Grain yield per hectare (kg) 0.01ns −0.22* 0.76** 0.74** 0.26** 0.89** 0.29** 0.41** 0.95** 1.00

*r(124)=0.174, P<0.05;

**r(124)=0.228, P<0.01.

ns: not significant.

Genetic variance components analysis of 10 yield components and grain yield characters of 21 cowpea varieties.

Characteristic σ2gz) σ2gxy σ2e σ2p GCV PCV h2 (%)
Days to flowering 33.0 2.2 3.0 38.2 10.3 11.5 86.0
Days to maturity 55.93 7.9 4.8 68.6 10.8 11.9 82.0
Peduncles per plant 25.6 0.5 3.0 29.1 33.2 35.4 88.0
Pods per peduncle 1.2 0.0 0.3 1.4 34.5 37.5 85.0
Pod length (cm) 8.7 0.2 1.7 10.5 18.6 20.5 82.0
Pods per plant 81.3 6.4 8.2 95.9 36.6 39.8 85.0
Seeds per pod 12.9 0.1 4.3 17.0 23.4 26.9 75.0
Hundred seed weight 8.7 0.7 0.1 9.5 15.9 16.7 91.0
Seeds per plant 24,233.4 1,473.1 3,785.1 29,491.7 41.2 45.4 82.0
Grain yield per hectare (kg) 2,914,298.7 170,505.7 419,993.7 3,504,798.1 43.6 47.8 83.0

z)σ2g: Genotypic variance, σ2gxy: Genotype×environment variance, σ2e: Environmental variance, σ2p: Phenotypic variance. GCV: Genotypic coefficient of variation, PCV: Phenotypic coefficient of variation, h2: Heritability (broad sense).

Table 1 Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) of 10 yield component characters from 21 cowpea varieties across 2 years.

Significant at P<0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 respectively.

DTF: days to flowering, DTM: days to pod maturity, PEP: peduncles per plant, PPE: pods per peduncle, POL: pod length (cm), POP: pods per plant, SPO: seeds per pod, HSW:100-seed weight (g), SPP: seeds per plant, GYH: grain-seed yield per hectare (kg), ns: not significant.

Table 2 Mean values for yield components and grain yield characters of 21 cowpea varieties evaluated for 2 years.

Mean values with the same letters in a column (for year or variety) as not significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test.

Combining high yield with medium maturity and large seed.

Combining high yield with early maturity and large seed.

Combining high yield with earl maturity and medium seed.

DTF: days to flowering, DTM: days to pod maturity, PEP: peduncles per plant, PPE: pods per peduncle, POL: pod length (cm), POP: pods per plant, SPO: seeds per pod, HSW: 100-seed weight (g), SPP: seeds per plant, GYH: grain-seed yield per hectare (kg).

Table 3 Genetic correlation coefficients analysis of 10 seed yield and yield components in cowpea.

r(124)=0.174, P<0.05;

r(124)=0.228, P<0.01.

ns: not significant.

Table 4 Genetic variance components analysis of 10 yield components and grain yield characters of 21 cowpea varieties.

σ2g: Genotypic variance, σ2gxy: Genotype×environment variance, σ2e: Environmental variance, σ2p: Phenotypic variance. GCV: Genotypic coefficient of variation, PCV: Phenotypic coefficient of variation, h2: Heritability (broad sense).

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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