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Research Article

Evaluation of Bentazone Reaction by Growth Stage and Bentazone Dose Across Soybean Genotypes

Liakat Ali1,2, Hyun Jo1, Jong-Tae Song1, Jeong-Dong Lee1,3,*
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2021;9(4):331-344.
Published online: December 1, 2021

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*Corresponding author Jeong-Dong Lee, jdlee@knu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-53-950-5709, Fax: +82-53-958-6880
• Received: November 1, 2021   • Revised: November 9, 2021   • Accepted: November 9, 2021

Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Evaluation of Bentazone Reaction by Growth Stage and Bentazone Dose Across Soybean Genotypes
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2021;9(4):331-344.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2021.9.4.331
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Evaluation of Bentazone Reaction by Growth Stage and Bentazone Dose Across Soybean Genotypes
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2021;9(4):331-344.   Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2021.9.4.331
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Evaluation of Bentazone Reaction by Growth Stage and Bentazone Dose Across Soybean Genotypes
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Visual scoring scale for phenotypic evaluation of the bentazone reaction of soybean; 1-no apparent burn spots; 2-a few burn spots appeared on the leaves of the plant, but the plant displayed average growth; 3-less than half of the plant leaves had prominent burn spots, and the plant growth was slightly affected; 4-more than half of the plant leaves showed noticeable burn spots, and plant growth was seriously affected; 5-plant leaves of the whole soybean line showed large areas of burn spots and withered.
Fig. 2 Image of leaf necrosis of bentazone treated soybean accessions at the VC growth stage. The digit inside the box indicates percent necrosis of that specific leaf. The leaflet pairs in each box represent scanned leaf images with bentazone injury symptoms before segmentation (upper one) and the damaged area segmented (lower one) by the leaf necrosis classifier. The red area indicates the necrotic region of the leaf. T, MT and S stand for soybean accession with tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible, respectively.
Fig. 3 Image of leaf necrosis of bentazone treated soybean genotypes at the V1 growth stage. The digit inside the box indicates percent necrosis of that specific leaf. The leaflet pairs in each box represent scanned leaf images with bentazone injury symptoms before segmentation (upper one) and the damaged area segmented out (lower one) by leaf necrosis classifier. The red area indicates the necrotic region of the leaf. T, MT and S stand for soybean accession with tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible, respectively.
Fig. 4 Image leaf necrosis of bentazone treated soybean genotypes at the V2 growth stage. The digit inside the box indicates percent necrosis of that specific leaf. The leaflet pairs in each box represent scanned leaf images with bentazone injury symptoms before segmentation (upper one) and the damaged area segmented out (lower one) by leaf necrosis classifier. The red area indicates the necrotic region of the leaf. T, MT and S stand for soybean accession with tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible, respectively.
Fig. 5 Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describing associations of leaf necrosis (LN), visual score (VS), plant height index (PHI), fresh weight index (FWI), and dry weight index (DWI) of bentazone-treated plants. The diagonal line shows the distribution of the five traits. The bivariate scatters plot with fitted lines is displayed below the diagonal line. The correlation coefficient and significant difference are shown above the diagonal line, and the higher the correlation coefficient, the bigger the numerical number. The *** indicates a significant difference at P < 0.001.

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Fig. 5

Evaluation of Bentazone Reaction by Growth Stage and Bentazone Dose Across Soybean Genotypes

The interaction effects of soybean accessions and bentazone doses on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of soybean.

Genotype Bentazone
dose		 Leaf necrosis Visual score Plant height Fresh weight Dry weight
(%) Indexw) (1-5)v) Index (cm) Index (g) Index (g) Index
CMJ091 0X 2.1dez) 100 1.0g 100 19.4a 100 3.80a 100 0.98a 100
1X 2.5de 116 1.4f 140 17.8ab 92 3.28abc 86 0.83abc 85
2X 5.8de 275 1.4e 136 17.0ab 86 3.13abc 82 0.76abc 78
Mean 3.5 1.2 18.1 3.40 0.86
CMJ416 0X 1.6e 100 1.0g 100 17.0ab 100 2.89abcde 100 0.69abcd 100
1X 1.6e 105 1.2f 117 15.6bc 92 2.69abcde 93 0.57bcdef 83
2X 4.1de 263 1.1fg 112 14.7bcd 87 2.39cdefg 83 0.52cdef 75
Mean 2.4 1.1 15.8 2.66 0.59
Daepung 0X 2.3de 100 1.0g 100 17.1ab 100 3.65ab 100 0.84a 100
1X 3.4de 152 2.8c 276 15.9bc 93 3.09abcd 85 0.66bcde 79
2X 8.3de 366 2.7cd 267 15.2bc 89 2.59abcdef 71 0.57bcdef 68
Mean 4.8 2.1 16.1 3.11 0.69
Williams 82 0X 2.0de 100 1.0g 100 16.9abc 100 3.80a 100 0.82abc 100
1X 4.8de 235 3.0b 296 14.9bc 88 3.15abc 83 0.71abcd 87
2X 10.4d 513 2.6d 261 14.6bcd 86 2.56bcdefg 67 0.57bcdef 70
Mean 5.7 2.2 15.4 3.17 0.70
CMJ169 0X 2.2de 100 1.0g 100 17.8ab 100 3.25abc 100 0.81abc 100
1X 36.8b 1,680 4.8a 479 14.7bcd 83 1.81efg 56 0.37ef 46
2X 52.8a 2,409 4.7a 474 13.5cd 76 1.35g 42 0.26f 32
Mean 30.7 3.5 15.3 2.13 0.47
Hannam 0X 2.0de 100 1.0g 100 11.4de 100 2.67abcde 100 0.62bcde 100
1X 22.4c 1,109 4.8a 478 10.1e 89 1.87defg 70 0.41def 66
2X 44.1b 2,182 4.8a 480 9.3e 82 1.37fg 51 0.27f 44
Mean 22.8 3.5 10.6 1.97 0.43
Mean 0X 2.0 100 1.0 100 16.6 100 3.35 100 0.79 100
1X 11.9 587 2.9 293 14.8 89 2.65 79 0.59 75
2X 20.9 1,030 2.9 288 14.0 85 2.23 67 0.49 62
LSD (0.05)y) 4.1 　 0.3 　 1.0 　 0.32 　 0.08 　
LSD (0.05)x) 5.1 　 0.4 　 1.1 　 0.44 　 0.11 　

The interaction effects of soybean accession and growth stage as well as the main effect of growth stage on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight.

Genotype Growth stage Leaf necrosis (%) Visual score (1-5)x) Plant height (cm) Fresh weight (g) Dry weight (g)
Control Treatment Indexw) Control Treatment Indexw) Control Treatment Indexw)
CMJ091 VC 2.5dz) 1.2c 16.6bcd 14.7def 89a 3.23abc 2.59bcdefg 80a 0.78abcd 0.61bcdefg 78a
V1 4.2cd 1.2c 20.0ab 17.2bcd 86a 3.7abc 2.88bcdefg 78a 1.00abc 0.76abcd 76a
V2 3.7cd 1.1c 21.7a 20.3a 93a 4.47ab 4.15a 93a 1.16a 1.01a 87a
CMJ416 VC 1.7d 1.1c 13.8cdef 12.3fgh 89a 2.08c 1.76gh 85a 0.45d 0.388fgh 86a
V1 3.3d 1.1c 17.6abc 14.9cdef 85a 3.08bc 2.69bcdefg 87a 0.72abcd 0.53cdefg 74a
V2 2.3d 1.1c 19.5ab 18.3ab 94a 3.5abc 3.18abcd 91a 0.92abcd 0.72abcdef 78a
Daepung VC 2.7d 2.1bc 14.7cde 13.8efg 94a 2.73bc 1.95defgh 71a 0.56cd 0.42efgh 75a
V1 5.4cd 2.1bc 17.3bc 15.3cde 88a 3.68abc 3.15ancde 86a 0.83abcd 0.63bcdef 76a
V2 5.8cd 2.2abc 19.2ab 17.6abc 92a 4.53ab 3.43abc 76a 1.14a 0.78abc 68a
Williams 82 VC 4.5cd 2.2bc 13.8cdef 12.3fgh 89a 2.51bc 1.87fgh 75a 0.58cd 0.44efgh 76a
V1 6.4bcd 2.2abc 17.0bc 14.9cdef 88a 3.68abc 3.1abcdef 84a 0.79abcd 0.60bcdefg 76a
V2 6.4bcd 2.2abc 19.9ab 17.0bcd 86a 5.21a 3.61ab 69a 1.09ab 0.87ab 80a
CMJ169 VC 34.8a 3.4ab 14.8cde 11.5gh 78a 2.49bc 0.87h 35a 0.56cd 0.19h 34a
V1 22.2ab 3.5ab 17.9abc 13.6efg 76a 3.39abc 1.82gh 54a 0.85abcd 0.36fgh 42a
V2 34.8a 3.6a 20.6ab 17.2bcd 83a 3.85abc 2.04defgh 53a 1.01abc 0.42efgh 42a
Hannam VC 22.0ab 3.5ab 9.7f 8.2i 85a 1.89c 0.78h 41a 0.43d 0.18h 42a
V1 19.3abc 3.5ab 11.9ef 9.6hi 81a 2.82bc 1.90efgh 67a 0.64bcd 0.36fgh 56a
V2 27.3a 3.5ab 12.5def 11.3gh 90a 3.30abc 2.19cdefg 66a 0.77abcd 0.47defgh 61a
Mean VC 11.4 2.3 13.9 12.1 87a 2.49 1.64 66a 0.56 0.37 66a
V1 10.1 2.3 170 14.3 84a 3.39 2.59 76a 0.80 0.53 66a
V2 13.4 2.3 18.9 16.9 89a 4.14 3.10 75a 1.02 0.72 71a
LSD (0.05)y) 4.6 0.4 1.5 1.0 5.9 0.5 0.35 21 0.1 0.1 22

The effects of bentazone dose on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight in relation to the growth.

Growth stage Bentazone dose Leaf necrosis Visual score Plant height Fresh weight Dry weight
(%) Indexx) (1-5)y) Index (cm) Index (g) Index (g) Index
VC 0X 1.4cz) 100 1.0b 100 13.9cd 100 2.49cd 100 0.56cd 100
1X 12.2abc 904 3.0a 295 12.7cd 91 1.83de 74 0.41de 73
2X 20.5ab 1,519 2.8a 281 11.6d 84 1.44e 58 0.33e 59
V1 0X 2.8c 100 1.0b 100 17.0ab 100 3.39ab 100 0.81b 100
1X 8.9bc 316 3.0a 295 14.7bc 86 2.77bc 82 0.58cd 72
2X 18.6b 660 2.8a 285 13.9cd 82 2.41cd 71 0.49cde 61
V2 0X 1.9c 100 1.0b 100 18.9a 100 4.14a 100 1.02a 100
1X 14.6ab 766 2.9a 291 17.2a 91 3.35b 81 0.78b 77
2X 23.6a 1,235 3.0a 299 16.7ab 88 2.84bc 69 0.64bc 63

The effects of 1X bentazone dose on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh and dry weight of the tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible group of soybean accessions treated at the V1 growth stage.

Reaction group Accession Leaf necrosis (%) Visual score (1-5)x) Plant height Fresh weight Dry weight
Control (cm) Treatment (cm) Indexw) Control (g) Treatment (g) Index Control
(g)		 Treatment (g) Index
Tolerant CMJ042 2.4 1.3 19.5 17.5 90 2.00 1.62 81 0.51 0.33 65
CMJ101 0.6 1.0 24.1 20.6 85 2.57 1.69 66 0.51 0.39 77
CMJ131 1.4 1.0 24.0 19.5 81 2.29 1.23 54 0.47 0.24 51
CMJ286 0.6 1.0 23.0 18.3 80 2.27 1.19 52 0.47 0.26 55
CMJ342 1.5 1.2 21.2 22.4 106 1.84 1.94 105 0.47 0.36 77
CMJ377 4.3 1.2 25.1 24.8 99 2.20 1.85 84 0.50 0.38 76
CMJ386 1.0 1.1 22.8 21.5 94 2.29 1.80 78 0.46 0.33 72
CMJ091 3.1 1.2 21.1 22.0 104 1.99 2.89 146 0.35 0.62 176
Namhae 2.8 1.2 21.7 19.9 91 2.34 1.64 70 0.52 0.36 70
Socheong 2.1 1.2 18.8 18.0 96 2.03 1.66 82 0.58 0.43 74
Mean 2.0cz) 1.1c 22.1b 20.4a 92a 2.18a 1.75a 80a 0.48a 0.37a 77a
Moderately tolerant Jungmo3009 6.3 2.8 20.6 19.5 95 3.64 1.72 47 0.87 0.41 47
Nuriol 12.5 3.7 19.4 19.1 98 1.92 1.75 91 0.54 0.44 81
Dagi 7.0 2.6 20.8 19.6 94 2.36 1.27 54 0.51 0.32 63
Pureun 19.9 3.5 17.6 17.5 99 1.98 1.69 85 0.36 0.3 83
Pungsanamul 10.3 3.0 16.9 16.5 98 1.37 1.15 84 0.27 0.23 85
Heugmi 7.1 3.0 19.1 18.0 94 1.81 1.46 81 0.33 0.28 85
Geomjeongkong 3 12.9 3.3 21.7 17.8 82 2.53 1.30 51 0.36 0.24 67
Uram 7.1 2.9 22.0 19.4 88 2.15 1.61 75 0.46 0.24 52
Daewon 13.5 3.4 22.7 18.5 81 2.26 1.33 59 0.38 0.22 58
Alchan 10.8 3.2 24.5 23.3 95 2.71 1.38 51 0.51 0.25 49
Mean 10.7b 3.1b 20.5c 18.9b 92a 2.27a 1.47b 64a 0.46a 0.29b 64a
Susceptible Hannam 38.5 4.5 21.4 16.9 79 2.06 0.65 32 0.34 0.17 50
Seonam 48.0 5.0 29.0 18.3 63 2.58 0.60 23 0.44 0.15 34
Dachae 42.9 5.0 24.0 16.2 68 2.63 0.39 15 0.39 0.09 23
Pokwangkong 45.6 5.0 25.2 18.4 73 2.49 0.82 33 0.52 0.15 29
Baekchun 29.4 4.5 27.3 16.7 61 3.04 0.83 27 0.68 0.14 21
CMJ427 26.0 4.0 27.2 15.0 55 2.64 0.43 16 0.50 0.14 28
CMJ316 28.0 4.3 25.4 16.1 64 2.83 0.64 23 0.43 0.11 26
CMJ185 43.5 4.8 23.9 16.3 68 3.14 0.78 25 0.67 0.16 24
CMJ188 23.4 4.5 21.0 16.0 76 1.53 0.56 37 0.45 0.08 18
CMJ254 32.7 4.7 20.0 17.8 89 1.51 1.33 88 0.30 0.16 53
Mean 35.8a 4.6a 24.4a 16.8c 69b 2.45a 0.70c 29b 0.47a 0.14c 29b
LSD (0.05)y) 4.2 0.2 1.0　 1.1 10　 0.29　 0.25 25　 0.07　 0.05 26　
Table 1 The interaction effects of soybean accessions and bentazone doses on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of soybean.

Data combined from three independent tests and three stages.

z)Means having a different letter(s) within a column are significantly different according to P < 0.05 level.

y)LSD (0.05) for comparison the mean of doses.

x)LSD (0.05) for comparison the mean of accessions.

w)Index of all traits was computed relative to 0X treated values, where the performance of 0X dose was considered as 100 percent.

v)Visual score was given in a 1-5 scale, where 1-no apparent burn spots; 2-a few burn spots; 3-less than half burn spots; 4-more than half of the leaves showed spots; 5-the whole soybean leaves showed large areas of burn spots and withered.

Table 2 The interaction effects of soybean accession and growth stage as well as the main effect of growth stage on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight.

Data combined from three tests and three doses.

z)Means having a different letter(s) within a column are significantly different according to P < 0.05 level.

y)LSD (0.05) for comparison the mean of growth stage.

x)Visual score was given in a 1-5 scale, where 1-no apparent burn spots; 2-a few burn spots; 3-less than half burn spots; 4-more than half of the leaves showed spots; 5-the whole soybean leaves showed large areas of burn spots and withered.

w)Index of all traits were computed relative to control values, where the performance of control was considered as 100 percent.

Table 3 The effects of bentazone dose on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight in relation to the growth.

Data combined from three tests and six genotypes.

z)Means having a different letter(s) within a column are significantly different according to P < 0.05 level.

y)Visual score was given in a 1-5 scale, where 1-no apparent burn spots; 2-a few burn spots; 3-less than half burn spots; 4-more than half of the leaves showed spots; 5-the whole soybean leaves showed large areas of burn spots and withered.

x)Index of all traits was computed relative to 0X treated values, where the performance of 0X dose was considered as 100 percent.

Table 4 The effects of 1X bentazone dose on leaf necrosis, visual score, plant height, fresh and dry weight of the tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible group of soybean accessions treated at the V1 growth stage.

z)Means having a different letter(s) within a column are significantly different according to P < 0.05 level.

y)LSD (0.05) for comparison the mean of reaction groups.

x)Visual score was given in a 1-5 scale, where 1-no apparent burn spots; 2-a few burn spots; 3-less than half burn spots; 4-more than half of the leaves showed spots; 5-the whole soybean leaves showed large areas of burn spots and withered.

w)Index of all traits was computed relative to control, where the performance of control was considered as 100 percent.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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