Since traditional taxonomic studies possess intrinsic limitations with plant species identification, combinations of DNA barcodes have been considered a powerful tool to discover undetected genetic variation within species across large geographic areas, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. However, the lack of efficient and universal markers is often considered a peculiar challenge in molecular taxonomic studies across plant taxa. Similarly, many loci have been proposed for DNA barcodes; still standardizing regions as a DNA barcode is vital for making them efficiently discriminate plant species. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic utility of nuclear (nrDNA) region (ITS2) with chloroplast (cpDNA) regions (
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Production of spring wheat, the major crop in Mongolia, accounts for 98% of the cultivated area. Understanding genetic variability in existing gene bank accessions is critical for collection, conservation and use of wheat germplasms. To determine genetic diversity and population structure among a representative collection of Mongolian local wheat cultivars and lines, 200 wheat accessions were analyzed with 15 SSR markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. A total of 85 alleles were detected, with three to five alleles per locus and a mean genetic richness of 5.66. Average genetic diversity index was 0.69, with values ranging from 0.37–0.80. The 200 Mongolian wheat accessions were mainly divided into two subgroups based on structure and phylogenetic analyses, and some phenotypes were divergent by the subgroups. Results from this study will provide valuable information for conservation and sustainable use of Mongolian wheat genetic resources.
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Finger millet (
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The present study aimed to determine the contents of five flavonols and two glycoalkaloids as well as the antioxidant activities of leaf ethanol extracts of 50 tomato accessions. The antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and total polyphenol content (TPC). Flavonols and glycoalkaloids contents were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector system. Among five flavonols and two glycoalkaloids, naringenin and tomatine were detected in tomato leaves at high concentrations. Of the 50 tomato accessions, IT 229711, IT2365203, and IT 207224 were found to have the highest contents of quercetin, kaempferol, and tomatine, respectively. Leaf extract of IT189949 exhibited the highest relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). Among the five flavonols, myricetin showed positive correlations with DPPH, ABTS, and NO, while isorhamnetin had positive correlation with DPPH. These results will expand the chemical constitution database and provide information on tomato leaves. They are valuable for the development of functional foods or feed-additives.
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Sixty-nine
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Tomato (
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of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 355 tomato accessions from Asia using 18 simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 176 alleles were detected at an average of ten alleles per SSR locus. The average major allele frequency and polymorphic information content were 0.69 and 0.39, respectively. Model-based structure analysis revealed two subpopulations (88%), including admixtures (11%) in the 355 Asian tomato accessions, consistent with clustering results based on genetic distance. The overall
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In order to estimate genetic diversity of Korean rice landraces, rice characters and SSR markers of 76 rice germplasms were analyzed. Of 12 rice characters, amylose content (AC) showed as largest variance (4.9 to 28.9%), whereas grain length (GL) showed as the lowest variance (4.4 to 5.9 mm). In principal component analyses (PCA), the first principal component explained 60.3% of total variance, in which culm length (CL) and growth period (GP) showed as positive variance and AC showed as negative variance. The second principal component explained an additional 22.4% of the total variance, in which GP and AC showed highly positive variables and CL showed a negative variable. Forty nine SSR markers produced a total of 473 alleles with an average of 9.65 alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) was in the range of 0.11 to 0.93. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.12 to 0.39, with an average value of 0.61. As a result of STRUCTURE analysis, 76 Korean rice landraces showed two subpopulations. In clustering analysis, rice characters and SSR markers were clustered into four groups and three groups, respectively. However, they were not significant different from each other. These results provided insight into the characteristics of Korean rice landraces, thus improving our knowledge on rice breeding.
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DNA barcoding is the use of short DNA sequences of the genome for large scale species identification. The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) plant-working group recommended a 2-locus combination as the standard plant barcode. The evolutions of the chloroplast regions combined with nuclear gens are sufficiently rapid to allow discrimination between closely related species. We evaluated the efficacy of the proposed plant barcoding loci,
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Chloroplast DNA sequences are a versatile tool for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of land plants. Different chloroplast loci have been utilized for phylogenetic classification of plant species. However, there is no report for a short DNA sequence that can distinguish all plant species from each other. Molecular markers derived from the complete chloroplast genome can provide effective tools for species identification and phylogenetic resolution. Thus, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Korean landrace “Subicho” pepper (
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We investigated the species discriminatory efficiency of the proposed plant barcoding loci ITS2 and
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Eggplant (
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Assessment of the genetic variation and biochemical traits among various germplasm collections are necessary for utilization of valuable genetic resource and effective strategies of germplasm conservation. The aims of this study were to analyze the genetic diversity using SSR markers and compare protein, oil content and fatty acid composition of about 185 soybean germplasm which is comprised of Korean landraces and collections from six different global regions. Seventy two SSR markers were selected based on their distribution on the 17 genetic linkage groups of soybean. A total of 784 alleles were detected from all accessions, with an average of 10.9 alleles per microsatellite locus. The genetic diversity observed was high wherein three distinct groups were formed containing several subgroups according to their geographic origins. Biochemical contents assay revealed significant differences in their protein and oil contents. Generally, the crude protein content was highest among India and Myanmar collections, while oil content was highest among accessions from USA and China. A negative correlation was observed between protein and oil contents, and between oleic and linolenic acids. The highest value observed for biochemical content among all germplam tested was 45.8% for crude protein, 26.7% for crude oil and 35.7% for oleic acid composition. Our study provided a better understanding of genetic relationships and geographical origin among various germplasm collections, and it could contribute to more efficient utilization of valuable genetic resources.
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Tomato was considered as one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world. Tomato plant has high antioxidant capacity which can be attributed to the high levels of carotenoids, phenols, vitamins C and E. However, most of tomato plants have been discarded as waste after fruit harvesting. In order to identify genetic resources with high antioxidant level for use in food or as feed additives, we investigated the ABTS, DPPH antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in tomato leaves and stems. A total of 112 tomato accessions were classified into three groups by latitude of their collected countries: 30°~60° North (50 accessions), 0°~30° North (40 accessions), and 0°~30° South (22 accessions). Stem and leaf extracts showed wide variation in ABTS antioxidant activity ranging from 1.6 ± 1.0 to 48.4 ± 6.1 μg Trolox mg−1 dw. The antioxidant activity of DPPH was in the range of 6.3 ± 0.2 to 40.0 ± 0.3 μg ASC mg−1 dw. Total polyphenol content ranged from 6.1 ± 0.2 to 38.9 ± 0.7 μg GAE mg−1 dw. ABTS, DPPH antioxidant activities and polyphenol content in accessions from 30°~60°N latitude were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those from 0°~30°N latitude. ABTS values showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.700**) with DPPH activity. IT100506 (KOR) and 702959 (UKR) were recommended as potential sources of natural antioxidants due to their highest antioxidant activity among accessions. This study will provide valuable information for tomato breeders in developing and producing functional food or feed additives resources.
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The present study investigated the isolation and characterization of 34 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed from
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Brown rice contains beneficial phytonutrients such as antioxidants, anthocyanins and oryzanol, and oryzanol is one of the major components. However, the information of oryzanol contents and genetic data are limited in Korean rice landraces to use the genetic resources. This study was conducted to investigate varietal differences of the oryzanol content and analyze the genetic diversity using SSR marker about 196 Korean rice landraces. Among tested germplasm, the total γ-oryzanol values showed the high variation ranged from 9.8 to 55.9 mg 100g−1 and an average content value was 27.2 mg 100g−1. Particularly, IT007903, IT007714, IT006622 and IT006125 accessions were showed γ-oryzanol contents higher than 50mg 100g−1. The 24-methylene cycloartenyl ferulate was the most prevalent with an average value of 29.9% among the total γ-oryzanol components, and followed by cycloartenyl ferulate (26.7%). Genetic diversity among 196 landrace accessions was evaluated based on 46 SSR markers carrying total 396 alleles. The mean values of observed (HO) and expected heterozygosities (HE) were 0.009 and 0.497, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based phylogeny grouped into seven clusters with genetic distance (GD) value was 0.6. According to the phylogenetic analysis, roughly 7 clusters were divergent, and the γ-oryzanol content values showed statistical differences by the four groups (
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